Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2020 Oct 30;17(21):8023.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218023.

Vitamin D and Calcium Milk Fortification in Pregnant Women with Periodontitis: A Feasibility Trial

Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye  1 , Danilo Dias Santana  2 , Paula Guedes Cocate  3 , Camila Benaim  2 , Pedro Paulo Teixeira Dos Santos  2 , Berit Lilienthal Heitmann  4 , Maria Cláudia da Veiga Soares Carvalho  2 , Michael Maia Schlüssel  5 , Maria Beatriz Trindade de Castro  2 , Gilberto Kac  2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Vitamin D and Calcium Milk Fortification in Pregnant Women with Periodontitis: A Feasibility Trial

Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

This study aims to assess the acceptability, adherence, and retention of a feasibility trial on milk fortification with calcium and vitamin D (Ca+VitD) and periodontal therapy (PT) among low income Brazilian pregnant women with periodontitis (IMPROVE trial). This 2 × 2 factorial feasibility trial used a mixed-methods evaluation. In total, 69 pregnant women were randomly allocated to four groups: 1. fortified sachet with Ca+VitD and milk plus early PT (throughout gestation); 2. placebo and milk plus early PT; 3. fortified sachet with Ca+VitD and milk plus late PT after childbirth; 4. placebo and milk plus late PT. Data were collected via questionnaires, field notes, participant flow logs, treatment diary, and focal group discussions. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using appropriate descriptive statistics and content analysis, respectively. Eligibility rate (12%) was below the target of 15%, but participation (76.1%) and recruitment rate (2 women/week) exceeded the targets. Retention rate (78.6%) was slightly below the target (80%). Adherence to the PT was significantly higher in the early treatment groups (98.8%) compared to the late treatment groups (29%). All women accepted the random allocation, and baseline groups were balanced. There was no report of adverse events. This multi-component intervention is acceptable, well-tolerated, and feasible among low-risk pregnant women in Brazil.

Keywords: acceptability; adherence; attrition rate; feasibility; milk fortification; periodontal therapy; pregnancy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of enrolment, allocation, and follow up of the pregnant women from a low socioeconomic area in Rio de Janeiro. PT: Periodontal therapy. * Not started periodontal treatment (n = 1) or milk consumption (n = 1) or both (n = 1). ** Not started milk consumption (n = 1).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Milk acceptability between pregnant women with periodontitis from a low socioeconomic area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Figure (A) = T0 and (B) = T1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Offenbacher S., Barros S.P., Beck J.D. Rethinking Periodontal Inflammation. J. Periodontol. 2008;79:1577–1584. doi: 10.1902/jop.2008.080220. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Carrillo-de-Albornoz A., Figuero E., Herrera D., Bascones-Martínez A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal variations on the subgingival biofilm. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2010;37:230–240. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01514.x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Figuero E., Carrillo-de-Albornoz A., Martín C., Tobías A., Herrera D. Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: A systematic review. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2013;40:457–473. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12053. - DOI - PubMed
    1. González-Jaranay M., Téllez L., Roa-López A., Gómez-Moreno G., Moreu G. Periodontal status during pregnancy and postpartum. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0178234. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178234. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mc Grath C., Bedi R. Public dental health: Can dental attendance improve quality of life? Br. Dent. J. 2001;190:262–265. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800944. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types