Cardiovascular Disease and SARS-CoV-2: the Role of Host Immune Response Versus Direct Viral Injury

doi:10.3390/ijms21218141

Review

. 2020 Oct 30;21(21):8141.

doi: 10.3390/ijms21218141.

Cardiovascular Disease and SARS-CoV-2: the Role of Host Immune Response Versus Direct Viral Injury

Federico Biscetti^{1

2

3}, Maria Margherita Rando², Elisabetta Nardella², Andrea Leonardo Cecchini², Piergiorgio Bruno^{1

4}, Raffaele Landolfi^{1

2

4

5}, Andrea Flex^{1

2

3

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
² Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases Unit, 00168 Roma, Italy.
³ Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, 00168 Roma, Italy.
⁴ Cardiac Surgery Unit, 00168 Roma, Italy.
⁵ Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.

PMID: 33143371
PMCID: PMC7663579
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218141

Review

Cardiovascular Disease and SARS-CoV-2: the Role of Host Immune Response Versus Direct Viral Injury

Federico Biscetti et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2020.

. 2020 Oct 30;21(21):8141.

doi: 10.3390/ijms21218141.

Authors

Federico Biscetti^{1

2

3}, Maria Margherita Rando², Elisabetta Nardella², Andrea Leonardo Cecchini², Piergiorgio Bruno^{1

4}, Raffaele Landolfi^{1

2

4

5}, Andrea Flex^{1

2

3

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
² Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases Unit, 00168 Roma, Italy.
³ Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, 00168 Roma, Italy.
⁴ Cardiac Surgery Unit, 00168 Roma, Italy.
⁵ Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.

PMID: 33143371
PMCID: PMC7663579
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218141

Abstract

The 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV], which started to spread from December 2019 onwards, caused a global pandemic. Besides being responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 [SARS-CoV-2], the virus can affect other organs causing various symptoms. A close relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system has been shown, demonstrating an epidemiological linkage between SARS-CoV-2 and cardiac injury. There are emerging data regarding possible direct myocardial damage by 2019-nCoV. In this review, the most important available evidences will be discussed to clarify the precise mechanisms of cardiovascular injury in SARS-CoV-2 patients, even if further researches are needed.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; cardiovascular diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Cardiovascular involvement of SARS-CoV-2 during the various stages of the disease.

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[1] Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y., Hu Y., Liang W.H., Ou C.Q., He J.X., Liu L., Shan H., Lei C.L., Hui D.S., et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020;382:1708–1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[6] Long Q.X., Liu B.Z., Deng H.J., Wu G.C., Deng K., Chen Y.K., Liao P., Qiu J.F., Lin Y., Cai X.-F., et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat. Med. 2020;26:845–848. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1. - DOI - PubMed

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Cardiovascular Disease and SARS-CoV-2: the Role of Host Immune Response Versus Direct Viral Injury

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Cardiovascular Disease and SARS-CoV-2: the Role of Host Immune Response Versus Direct Viral Injury

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