Antimicrobial activity and inhibition of biofilm formation in vitro and on human dentine by silver nanoparticles/carboxymethyl-cellulose composites

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a silver nanoparticles/carboxymethyl-cellulose (AgNPs/CMC) composite on in vitro and dentine disc heterogeneous biofilms.

Design: AgNPs/CMC composite effect on normal human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) viability was determined by the MTT reduction assay. In addition, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs/CMC composite on Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum growth in vitro and heterogeneous biofilms, as well as dentine disc biofilms.

Results: Quasi-spherical AgNPs/CMC composites, with a mean 22.3 nm particle-size were synthesized. They were not toxic to HGF cells at concentrations tested that were antimicrobial, however they caused significant cytotoxicity (89 %, p < 0.05) at concentrations > 15 μg/mL. In vitro, they inhibited up to 67 %, 66 %, and 96 % C. albicans, E. faecalis, and F. nucleatum growth at concentrations ranging from 1.2 μg/mL to 9.6 μg/mL, as compared with untreated control. We also demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) 58 % biofilm reduction by 4.8 μg/mL AgNPs/CMC composite on human dentine discs.

Conclusion: AgNPs/CMC composite showed anti biofilm activity on monocultures, heterogenous cultures, and dentine discs, resulting a potentially effective alternative to prevent and eliminate infections after endodontic treatment.

Keywords: Biocidal activity; Candida albicans; Carboxymethyl-cellulose; Composite; Dentine disc; Enterococcus faecalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Heterogeneous biofilm; Oral pathogen; Silver nanoparticle.