Association of Circulating Omentin-1 with Osteoporosis in a Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Population

Abstract

Aims: Omentin-1, a newly identified adipokine, has been demonstrated to be associated with bone metabolism, but the results have been inconsistent. Moreover, the potential relationship of circulating omentin-1 with diabetic osteoporosis has never been reported. This study is intended for studying the association between circulating omentin-1, bone mineral density (BMD), prior fragility fractures, and other bone metabolic-related parameters.

Methods: Circulating omentin-1 levels were measured in 172 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and participants were divided into the normal BMD group (n = 52), the osteopenia group (n = 66), and the osteoporosis group (n = 54). The relationship between circulating omentin-1 and diabetic osteoporosis and other parameters was analyzed.

Results: Circulating omentin-1 was significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than in the normal group and in the osteopenia group (both P < 0.05). Circulating omentin-1 levels were correlated significantly and positively with sex; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; apolipoprotein A; and prevalence of prior fragility fractures, diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy; they were correlated negatively with diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, hemoglobin, atherogenic index of plasma, osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians, BMD at different skeletal sites, and corresponding T scores, irrespective of age, sex, and body mass index (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Moreover, circulating omentin-1 was an independent decisive factor for the presence of osteoporosis only in women after multivariate adjustment (odds ratio: 1.069; 95% confidence interval: 1.003-1.139; P < 0.05). Lastly, the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that the best cutoff value for circulating omentin-1 to predict diabetic osteoporosis was 15.37 ng/mL (sensitivity: 71.7%; specificity: 58.5%) in female subjects.

Conclusions: High levels of circulating omentin-1 may be associated with the development of osteoporosis in female diabetic subjects and may be a potential biomarker for diabetic osteoporosis in women.

Figure 1

Circulating levels of omentin-1 among the three groups. Versus the normal group: ∗P < 0.05. Versus the osteopenia group: ^#P < 0.05.

Figure 2

Correlations between circulating omentin-1 and BMD at different skeletal sites and corresponding T scores. (a) LS BMD, (b) LS T score, (c) FN BMD, (d) FN T score, (e) TH BMD, and (f) TH T score in patients with all study subjects.

Figure 3

(a) ROC analysis of circulating omentin-1 to indicate osteoporosis for all subjects. AUC = 0.661; 95% CI: 0.558–0.765; P = 0.004; identified omentin − 1 cutoff value = 15.28 ng/mL; Youden index = 0.284; sensitivity: 63.0%; specificity: 67.3%. (b) ROC analysis of circulating omentin-1 to indicate osteoporosis for female subjects. AUC = 0.634; 95% CI: 0.511–0.757; P = 0.040; identified omentin − 1 cutoff value = 15.37 ng/mL; Youden index = 0.296; sensitivity: 71.1%; specificity: 58.5%. (c) ROC analysis of circulating omentin-1 to indicate osteoporosis for male subjects. AUC = 0.654; 95% CI: 0.524–0.784; P = 0.068.