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. 2021 Nov-Dec;25(6):802-811.
doi: 10.1080/10903127.2020.1846824. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Improved Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival with a Comprehensive Dispatcher-Assisted CPR Program in a Developing Emergency Care System

Pin Pin Pek, Jasmine Yen Yin Lim, Benjamin Sieu-Hon Leong, Desmond Ren-Hao Mao, Michael Yih-Chong Chia, Si Oon Cheah, Han Nee Gan, Yih Yng Ng, Lai Peng Tham, Shalini Arulanandam, Nur Shahidah, Xinyi Lin, Andrew Fu Wah Ho, Marcus Eng Hock Ong

Improved Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival with a Comprehensive Dispatcher-Assisted CPR Program in a Developing Emergency Care System

Pin Pin Pek et al. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2021 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Objective: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with poor survival. Studies have demonstrated improved survival with early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR). This study evaluated the impact of a dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) program on BCPR rate and outcomes of OHCA in a developing emergency medical services (EMS) system setting.

Methods: Data were extracted from the national cardiac arrest registry. A before-after analysis was performed between OHCA cases with cardiac etiology conveyed by EMS from April 2010-June 2012 (pre-intervention) and July 2012-December 2015 (post-intervention). Primary outcomes were survival-to-discharge/30 days post-arrest and favorable cerebral performance (Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance categories 1 and 2).

Results: 6365 OHCA cases were analyzed with 2129 in the pre-intervention and 4236 in the post-intervention group. In the post-intervention group, there was an increase in BCPR rates from 24.8% to 53.8% (p < 0.001), adjusted OR 3.67 (aOR; 95%CI: 3.26-4.13). OHCA outcomes also improved with survival-to-discharge rates increasing from 3.0%-4.5% (p < 0.01), aOR 2.10 (95%CI: 1.40-3.17) and favorable cerebral performance increasing from 1.6% to 2.7% (p < 0.05), aOR 2.82 (95%CI: 1.65-4.82). In patients with initial shockable rhythm, BCPR without dispatcher assistance was associated with significantly higher odds of survival-to-discharge (aOR 1.67, 95%CI: 1.06-2.64) and favorable cerebral performance (aOR 2.32, 95%CI: 1.26-4.27) compared to no BCPR.

Conclusion: Our study showed that a simplified DA-CPR program can be successfully implemented in a developing EMS system and can contribute to higher BCPR rate and in turn, improve OHCA survival. Future studies can examine bystanders' characteristics and quality of the CPR performed to understand their impact on survival.

Keywords: bystander CPR; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; dispatcher-assisted CPR; out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; telephone CPR.

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