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Editorial
. 2020 Nov 3;8(4):645.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines8040645.

Efforts to Improve the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine

Rossella Cianci  1 , Estelle E Newton  2 , Danilo Pagliari  1   3
Affiliations
Editorial

Efforts to Improve the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine

Rossella Cianci et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Seasonal influenza is an acute syndrome, principally involving the respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses that are globally present [...].

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Factors involved in the influenza vaccine effectiveness. Influenza vaccine effectiveness is modified by virus mutation tendency, vaccine manufacture process, and host factors. Influenza viruses are characterized by seasonal antigenic mutations (antigenic drift), and they may undergo to periodical antigenic shift responsible for pandemics. To date, there several influenza vaccine types; the most common used are egg-based vaccine, but alternative approaches are available and next-generation ones are developing. Finally, several host factors may further influence vaccine effectiveness, such as age, race, gender, hormones, pregnancy, obesity, chronic pathologies, and gut microbiota composition. Abbreviations: M, macrophage; DC, dendritic cell; N, neutrophil.
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References

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