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Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Nov 4;17(21):8161.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218161.

Ischemia-Reperfusion Intervention: From Enhancements in Exercise Performance to Accelerated Performance Recovery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rhaí André Arriel  1 , Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues  2 , Hiago Leandro Rodrigues de Souza  1 , Anderson Meireles  1 , Luís Filipe Moutinho Leitão  3   4 , Antonio Crisafulli  5 , Moacir Marocolo  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Ischemia-Reperfusion Intervention: From Enhancements in Exercise Performance to Accelerated Performance Recovery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rhaí André Arriel et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that brief cycles of ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) applied before exercise can improve performance and, IR intervention, applied immediately after exercise (post-exercise ischemic conditioning-PEIC) exerts a potential ergogenic effect to accelerate recovery. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to identify the effects of PEIC on exercise performance, recovery and the responses of associated physiological parameters, such as creatine kinase, perceived recovery and muscle soreness, over 24 h after its application. From 3281 studies, six involving 106 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared to sham (cuff administration with low pressure) and control interventions (no cuff administration), PEIC led to faster performance recovery (p = 0.004; ES = -0.49) and lower increase in creatine kinase (p < 0.001; effect size (ES) = -0.74) and muscle soreness (p < 0.001; ES = -0.88) over 24 h. The effectiveness of this intervention is more pronounced in subjects with low/moderate fitness level and at least a total time of 10 min of ischemia (e.g., two cycles of 5 min) is necessary to promote positive effects.

Keywords: blood flow occlusion; ergogenic; intermittent occlusion; ischemic postconditioning; sports.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The procedure to select/inclusion of the studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of performance recovery (A) creatine kinase (B) and muscle soreness (C) variables between post-exercise ischemic conditioning (PEIC) and a cuff administration with low pressure (SHAM) or control (CON; no cuff) interventions. The square is the weight for a given study and is proportional to the weight of the study in the meta-analysis. The horizontal line indicates the 95% confidence interval (CI) for an effect. The diamond at the bottom represents the overall effect calculated using a fixed-effects model. IT = incremental test; SJ = squat jump; sprint 10 = 10 m sprint times over the 6 repeated sprints; sprint 40 = 40 m sprint times over the 6 repeated sprints; CMJ = countermovement jump; MD = muscle dynamometry; sprint = 20 m sprint.
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