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. 2020 Oct 24:2020:8875430.
doi: 10.1155/2020/8875430. eCollection 2020.

In Vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities, and Phenolic Profile of Senecio glaucus from Saudi Arabia

Ali S Alqahtani  1   2 , Rashed N Herqash  2 , Omar M Noman  2 , Fahd A Nasr  2 , Nouf Alyhya  3 , Shamsa H Anazi  3 , Muhammad Farooq  3 , Riaz Ullah  2
Affiliations

In Vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities, and Phenolic Profile of Senecio glaucus from Saudi Arabia

Ali S Alqahtani et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

Current treatments for complex diseases have remarkable side effects that negatively impact patients' quality of life. Thus, natural compounds with fewer side effects represent a promising source for safe drugs. The genus Senecio is widely used in folk medicine due to its various pharmacological properties. In the present study, the total phenolic content of Senecio glaucus, which is grown in Saudi Arabia, was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method. Scavenging DPPH and ABTS assays were utilized to determine the antioxidant properties of S. glaucus fractions, and MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxic activity of S. glaucus against various cancer cells. In addition, HPLC-UV was utilized to detect the presence of two phenolic acids, namely, vanillic acid (VA) and gallic acid (GA). Among all fractions tested, S. glaucus chloroform fraction (SGCF) yielded the highest value (125.3 mg·GA/g) in terms of total phenolic content. SGCF also exhibited the highest scavenging activities (76.7 and 74.1%) on both DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Similarly, SGCF also possessed the most potent cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 41.8 μg/ml. The validated HPLC method confirmed the presence of VA (4.8 μg/mg DW) and GA (3.9 μg/mg DW) in SGCF. Overall, our data show that S. glaucus had antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. A developed validated HPLC method which could be helpful for quantifying phenolic compounds in S. glaucus was established.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
S. glaucus total phenolic content.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inhibition of cellular viability of cancer cell lines by S. glaucus fractions. The cells were treated for 48 h and cytotoxicity of S. glaucus fractions was estimated using the MTT assay. Data represents the mean of three independent experiments, with each carried out in triplicate. (a) SG-crude. (b) SG-hex. (c) SG-CHCL3. (d) SG-BuOH.
Figure 3
Figure 3
UV/vis spectrum scan of GA at a retention time of 10.89 min (a) and VA at a retention time of 14.45 min (b).
Figure 4
Figure 4
HPLC chromatograms of (a) standard phenolic acids and (b) extract. Peaks: (1) GA and (2) VA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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