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. 2020 Nov 6;11(11):1319.
doi: 10.3390/genes11111319.

Chromosome Mapping of 5S Ribosomal Genes in Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Muraenidae: Comparative Analysis by Dual Colour Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation

Elisabetta Coluccia  1 , Federica Deidda  1 , Cinzia Lobina  1 , Riccardo Melis  1 , Cristina Porcu  1 , Blondine Agus  1 , Susanna Salvadori  1
Affiliations

Chromosome Mapping of 5S Ribosomal Genes in Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Muraenidae: Comparative Analysis by Dual Colour Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation

Elisabetta Coluccia et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

The Muraenidae is one of the largest and most complex anguilliform families. Despite their abundance and important ecological roles, morays are little studied, especially cytogenetically, and both their phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomy of their genera are controversial. With the aim of extending the karyology of this fish group, the chromosomal mapping of the 5S ribosomal gene family was performed on seven species belonging to the genera Muraena and Gymnothorax from both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) experiments were realized using species-specific 5S rDNA probes; in addition, two-colour FISH was performed to investigate the possible association with the 45S ribosomal gene family. Multiple 5S rDNA clusters, located either in species-specific or in possibly homoeologous chromosomes, were found. Either a syntenic or different chromosomal location of the two ribosomal genes was detected. Our results revealed variability in the number and location of 5S rDNA clusters and confirmed a substantial conservation of the number and location of the 45S rDNA.

Keywords: FISH; Gymnothorax; Muraena; Muraenidae; comparative cytogenetics; ribosomal genes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Karyotypes of (a) Muraena helena; (b) Gymnothorax javanicus; and (c) G. flavimarginatus after 5S rDNA (yellow fluorescence)FISH. The chromosomes were counterstained with propidium iodide. m: metacentric chromosomes, sm: submetacentric chromosomes, st/a: subtelocentric/acrocentric chromosomes. In the inset, the bi-armed 5S-bearing pairs of (d) M. helena; (e) G. javanicus; and (f) G. flavimarginatus after sequential FISH (above) and C-banding (below) showing the overlapping of 5S markings and hererochromatic C-band. The bar represents 5 μm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Karyotypes of (a) G. unicolor; (b) G. tile; (c) G. undulatus; and (d) G. fimbriatus after 5S (red fluorescence) and 28S (green fluorescence) rDNA dual colour FISH. The chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI. m: metacentric chromosomes, sm: submetacentric chromosomes, st: subtelocentric chromosomes, a: acrocentric chromosomes. The bar represents 5 μm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Compared idiograms of (a) Gymnothorax undulatus; (b) G. fimbriatus; (c) G. unicolor; (d) G. javanicus; (e) Muraena helena; (f) G. flavimarginatus; and (g) G. tile showing the C banding pattern (black regions), the 45S rDNA sites (green coloured) and the 5S rDNA sites (yellow coloured). The regions where the 5S rDNA clusters where located in heterochromatic regions are orange coloured. Chromosomes are ordered and numbered first into three groups (metacentric, submetacentric, and subtelocentric/acrocentric) and then by decreasing size within each of the three groups.
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