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Review
. 2020 Oct 16:11:563478.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.563478. eCollection 2020.

COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management

Md Farhad Hossain  1   2 , Sharifa Hasana  3 , Abdullah Al Mamun  2   3 , Md Sahab Uddin  2   3 , Mir Imam Ibne Wahed  4 , Sabarni Sarker  5 , Tapan Behl  6 , Irfan Ullah  7 , Yesmin Begum  3 , Israt Jahan Bulbul  3 , Md Shah Amran  8 , Md Habibur Rahman  9 , May N Bin-Jumah  10 , Saad Alkahtani  11 , Shaker A Mousa  12 , Lotfi Aleya  13 , Mohamed M Abdel-Daim  11   14
Affiliations
Review

COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management

Md Farhad Hossain et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) was found at the seafood market of Hubei province in Wuhan, China, and this virus was officially named coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is mainly characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) and creates public health concerns as well as significant threats to the economy around the world. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unclear and there is no effective treatment of this newly life-threatening and devastating virus. Therefore, it is crucial to search for alternative methods that alleviate or inhibit the spread of COVID-19. In this review, we try to find out the etiology, epidemiology, symptoms as well as transmissions of this novel virus. We also summarize therapeutic interventions and suggest antiviral treatments, immune-enhancing candidates, general supplements, and CoV specific treatments that control replication and reproduction of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

Keywords: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; coronavirus; coronavirus disease 2019; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; therapeutic interventions; transmission.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The systemic and respiratory disorders in COVID 19 infected patients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Humans are primarily infected by consuming suspected reservoirs (bats or snakes). The possibility of COVID-19 is increased because of close contacts, such as handshaking from human to human.
Figure 3
Figure 3
COVID-19 imparts adverse implications on human organs, including lungs, brain, heart, and kidney.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Anti-viral candidates inhibit the replication and reproduction of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Immune enhancing agents may suppress COVID-19 severity through regulating SARS-CoV replication.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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