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. 2020 Aug 5;2(1):20200032.
doi: 10.1259/bjro.20200032. eCollection 2020.

Biometric analysis of the foetal meconium pattern using T1 weighted 2D gradient echo MRI

Georgia Hyde  1 , Andrew Fry  2 , Ashok Raghavan  3 , Elspeth Whitby  1
Affiliations

Biometric analysis of the foetal meconium pattern using T1 weighted 2D gradient echo MRI

Georgia Hyde et al. BJR Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: Foetal MRI is used to assess abnormalities after ultrasonography. Bowel anomalies are a significant cause of neonatal morbidity, however there are little data concerning its normal appearance on antenatal MRI. This study aims to investigate the pattern of meconium accumulation throughout gestation using its hyperintense appearance on T 1 weighted scans and add to the current published data.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral clinical MRI centre. Foetal body MRI scans of varying gestational ages were obtained dating between October 2011 and March 2018. The bowel was visualised on T 1 weighted images. The length of the meconium and the width of the meconium at the rectum, sigmoid colon, splenic flexure and hepatic flexure was measured. Presence or absence of meconium in the small bowel was noted. Inter- and intrarater reliability was assessed.

Results: 181 foetal body scans were reviewed. 52 were excluded and 129 analysed. Visualisation of the meconium in the large bowel became increasingly proximal with later gestations, and small bowel visualisation was greater at earlier gestations. There was statistically significant strong (r = 0.6-0.8) or very strong (r = 0.8-1.0) positive correlation of length and width with increasing gestation. Interrater reliability was moderate to excellent (r = 0.4-1.0).

Conclusion: This study provides new information regarding the pattern of meconium accumulation throughout gestation. With care, the results can be used in clinical practice to aid diagnosis of bowel pathology.

Advances in knowledge: The findings of this study provide further information concerning the normal accumulation of foetal meconium on MR imaging, an area where current research is limited.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
a-d: Bowel width measurements using the caliper tool. (A) Rectum width (4.5 mm, sagittal T1 image). (B) Sigmoid width (4.7 mm, sagittal T1 image). (C) Splenic flexure width (3.4 mm, coronal T1 image). (D) Hepatic flexure width (9.5 mm, coronal T1 image).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Bowel length measurement using the perimeter and caliper tools. The measurement for the length of the bowel in this image is 68 mm, sagittal T1 image.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The length measurements of 119 foetal bowels are plotted against the week of gestation.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The width measurements of 114 foetal rectums are plotted against the week of gestation.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
The width measurements of 113 foetal sigmoid colons are plotted against the week of gestation.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
The width measurements of 77 foetal splenic flexures are plotted against the week of gestation.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
The width measurements of 50 foetal hepatic flexures are plotted against the week of gestation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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