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. 2021 Apr;268(4):1419-1433.
doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10300-z. Epub 2020 Nov 13.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disorder: a new inflammatory CNS demyelinating disorder

Manjunath Netravathi  1 , Vikram Venkappayya Holla  2 , Atchayaram Nalini  2 , Ravi Yadav  2 , Seena Vengalil  2 , Abel Thomas Oommen  2 , Sultana Shaik Reshma  2 , Nitish Kamble  2 , Priya Treesa Thomas  3 , Bhat Maya  4 , Pramod Kumar Pal  2 , Anita Mahadevan  5
Affiliations

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disorder: a new inflammatory CNS demyelinating disorder

Manjunath Netravathi et al. J Neurol. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Background and aims: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is an oligodendrocytopathy resulting in demyelination. We aimed to determine the frequency of MOG-associated disorders (MOGAD), its various clinical phenotypes, and imaging characteristics.

Methods: All patients with MOGAD were included. Description of the various clinical phenotypes, investigation profile, therapeutic response, differences between pediatric and adult-onset neurological disorders, determination of poor prognostic factors was done.

Results: The study population consisted of 93 (M:F = 45:48) (Pediatric:40, Adult-onset:47, Late-onset:7) patients with a median age of 21 years. Among the 263 demyelinating episodes; 45.8% were optic neuritis (ON), 22.8% were myelopathy, 17.1% were brainstem, 7.6% were acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis(ADEM), 4.2% were opticomyelopathy and 2.3% with cerebral manifestations. There was exclusive vomiting in 24.7% prior to onset of clinical syndrome, none of them had area postrema involvement. ADEM was exclusively seen in pediatric patients. Poor prognostic indicators included: (i) incomplete recovery from an acute attack, (b) brainstem syndrome, (c) ADEM with incomplete recovery, (d) MRI suggestive of leukodystrophy pattern, (e) severe ON, (f) ADEMON.

Conclusions: The Spectrum of MOG-associated disorders is wider affecting the brain (grey and white matter) and the meninges. There are various clinical phenotypes and MRI patterns, recognition of which may help in the determination of therapeutic strategies, and long-term prognosis.

Keywords: ADEM; Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis; LETM; Leukodystrophy; Longitudinally extensive myelitis; MOG; MOGAD; Myelin oligodendrocyte protein; NMOSD; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

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