Factors affecting the doses of roxadustat vs darbepoetin alfa for anemia treatment in hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Emerging evidence suggests that roxadustat may be beneficial for patients who inadequately respond to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). This post-hoc analysis of a Japanese, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study in hemodialysis-dependent CKD patients treated with traditional ESAs assessed the impact of factors associated with ESA hyporesponsiveness on roxadustat and darbepoetin alfa (DA) doses required to maintain target hemoglobin. Endpoints included mean of average doses of roxadustat and DA per administration in the last 6 weeks (AAD/6W) by prior ESA-resistance index (ERI), iron repletion (transferrin saturation; ferritin), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Of 415 enrolled patients, 303 were randomized (roxadustat, n = 151; DA, n = 152). Weight-adjusted AAD/6W increased with increasing ERI for roxadustat (ERI <3.3, 0.89 mg/kg; ERI ≥8.4, 1.51 mg/kg) and DA (ERI <3.3, 0.26 μg/kg; ERI ≥8.4, 0.91 μg/kg); the weight-adjusted AAD/6W relative to within-arm mean AAD/6W showed a trend toward increased DA doses for the ERI ≥8.4 category (P = .089). AAD/6W remained stable for roxadustat but increased for DA with decreasing baseline iron repletion markers. The relationship between roxadustat doses and end of treatment (EoT) hs-CRP was not significant (estimated slope, -0.494; P = .814); a trend toward increased DA doses was observed with increasing EoT hs-CRP (estimated slope, 2.973; P = .075). Roxadustat doses required to maintain target hemoglobin appear to be less affected by factors that underlie ESA hyporesponsiveness, relative to DA; roxadustat may be beneficial for patients hyporesponsive to ESAs.

Keywords: anemia; chronic kidney disease; darbepoetin alfa; inflammation; roxadustat.

FIGURE 1

Average weight‐adjusted allocated dose of study drug per intake in the last 6 weeks stratified by ERI (FAS). DA, darbepoetin alfa; ERI, ESA resistance index; ESA, erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent; FAS, full analysis set. Bar plot: mean of average weight‐adjusted allocated dose with SD. Line plot: ratio to the within‐arm mean dose [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

FIGURE 2

Average allocated dose of study drug per intake in the last 6 weeks stratified by baseline levels of ferritin and TSAT (FAS). DA, darbepoetin alfa; FAS, full analysis set; TSAT, transferrin saturation. Bar plot: average allocated dose with SD. Line plot: ratio to the mean dose [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

FIGURE 3

Scatter plot of the last allocated dose of roxadustat, A,B, and DA, C,D, against hs‐CRP at baseline and EoT (FAS). CRP, C‐reactive protein; DA, darbepoetin alfa; EoT, end of treatment; FAS, full analysis set; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

FIGURE 4

Average allocated dose of study drug per intake in the last 6 weeks stratified by GNRI (FAS). DA, darbepoetin alfa; FAS, full analysis set; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index. Bar plot: average allocated dose with SD. Line plot: ratio to the mean dose [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]