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. 2020 Nov 19;15(11):e0232382.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232382. eCollection 2020.

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan

Aftab Qamar  1 , Tariq Ismail  1 , Saeed Akhtar  1
Affiliations

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan

Aftab Qamar et al. PLoS One. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Present study aimed at investigating the magnitude of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among four Salmonella spp. i.e., S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and S. typhimurium. Raw milk and environment samples were collected from the five districts of southern part of the province of Punjab in Pakistan i.e., Multan, Bahawalpur, Lodhran, Dera Ghazi Khan and Muzaffargarh. Extent of antibiotic resistance was also determined and classified as resistant, intermediate and susceptible. District-wise prevalence data on Salmonella spp. in milk and environmental samples indicated higher S. typhi, S. paratyphi B and S. typhimurium count in Bahawalpur, D.G. Khan and Muzaffargarh districts, respectively. Amongst 13 tested antibiotics, chloramphenicol and ofloxacin were found to be the most susceptible against Salmonella spp. Increased emergence of antibacterial resistance was noted with respect to the type of antibiotics among Salmonella spp. isolates. The study suggests serious interventions to be practiced by the farmers and raw milk vendors in animal husbandry and milk marketing, respectively to curb the burden of Salmonella spp. prevalence in milk. Further, active engagement of animal health division and enforcement agencies to ensure sagacious use of antibiotics at farm level may also help in containment of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Map showing five major districts (shaded) of South Punjab–Pakistan covered for surveillance and antibacterial resistance in Salmonella isolates from raw milk and environment.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Prevalence percentage of Salmonella spp. in milk and environmental samples of dairy farms in Southern part of the Punjab.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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