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Review
. 2020 Nov 17;9(11):1592.
doi: 10.3390/plants9111592.

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System-A Review

Ali Raza  1   2 , Muhammad Ahsan Asghar  3 , Bushra Ahmad  4 , Cheng Bin  1   2 , M Iftikhar Hussain  5 , Wang Li  1   2 , Tauseef Iqbal  1   2 , Muhammad Yaseen  6 , Iram Shafiq  1   2 , Zhang Yi  1   2 , Irshan Ahmad  1   2 , Wenyu Yang  1   2 , Liu Weiguo  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System-A Review

Ali Raza et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.

Keywords: agronomical management; intercropping; lignin metabolism; lodging tolerance; resistance genes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Role of carbohydrates and lignin enzymes in lodging resistance, green arrows represented the increasing trend while red arrows represent the decreasing trend.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Shade adaptive response of soybean to low light intensity and relationship between phytohormone (auxin) and lignin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
An overview of the most suitable approaches including molecular breeding techniques, agronomical managements and chemical controls to mitigate the lodging stress in maize-soybean intercropping.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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