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. 2020 Nov 19;10(1):20212.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77223-7.

The impact of smoking on male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

Takashi Kawahara  1   2 , Hiroki Ito  3   4 , Hiroji Uemura  3
Affiliations

The impact of smoking on male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

Takashi Kawahara et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are substantially prevalent and increase with age. Research on smoking as a risk factor for LUTS has been inconclusive. The present study examined the association between smoking habits and male LUTS in a population-based study using a web-based questionnaire. We firstly screened a total of 10,000 male participants who were selected according to the age distribution in the Japanese population in government data, in order to check smoking habits. We then performed a web-based survey to further investigate factors associated with LUTS, using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. Finally, 9042 participants (non-smokers, n = 3545; ex-smokers, n = 3060; and current-smokers, n = 2437) completed the full continence survey. Current-smokers (2.54 ± 2.73, 1.98 ± 3.57, 5.75 ± 7.02) and ex-smokers (2.80 ± 2.52, 1.81 ± 3.10, 6.58 ± 6.96) showed significantly higher OABSS total, ICIQ-SF total, and IPSS total scores than non-smokers (1.98 ± 2.40, 1.35 ± 2.90, 4.23 + -/6.33) (p: < 0.0001, < 0.0001, < 0.0001, respectively). In comparison to non-smokers, the prevalence of risk ratio for day-time frequency, nocturia, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), OAB, and IPSS ≥ 8 were 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5, respectively, in current-smokers and 1.3, 1.5, 1.5, 4.5, 1.8 in ex-smokers. The relative risk of OAB, nocturia, UUI, and IPSS ≥ 8 in ex- and current-smokers in comparison to non-smokers was high in the young age groups in comparison to the elderly groups. Current-smokers and ex-smokers showed a higher prevalence of male LUTS. This phenomenon was highly observed in relatively young age groups.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study design and the number of participants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of targeted screening participants. Blank bar is the differences between targeted number of participants and the actual number pf participants who answered the questionnaire in each generation group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The prevalence of day-time frequency, nocturia (OABSS), UUI (OABSS definition), OAB, OAB dry, OAB wet, UUI (ICIQ-SF), SUI, MUI, PMD, nocturia (IPSS definition), and IPSS ≥ 8 in non-, ex-, and current-smokers.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The prevalence of OAB in each age group among the different smoking habit groups. Red dot line is the mean values of NS, ES, and CS in these age group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The prevalence of UUI in each age group among the different smoking habit groups. Red dot line is the mean values of NS, ES, and CS in these age group.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The prevalence of nocturia in each age group among the different smoking habit groups. Red dot line is the mean values of NS, ES, and CS in these age group.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The prevalence of IPSS ≥ in each age group among the different smoking habit groups. Red dot line is the mean values of NS, ES, and CS in these age group.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) The prevalence of nocturia, UUI, and OAB according to the duration of smoking cessation; and (b) the prevalence of nocturia, UUI, and OAB according to the Brinkman index.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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