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Review
. 2020;30(4):142-146.
doi: 10.1093/ppar/praa023. Epub 2020 Sep 7.

Age-Related Vulnerability to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Biological, Contextual, and Policy-Related Factors

Eileen M Crimmins  1
Affiliations
Review

Age-Related Vulnerability to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Biological, Contextual, and Policy-Related Factors

Eileen M Crimmins. Public Policy Aging Rep. 2020.
No abstract available

Keywords: Immunosenescence; Mortality; Nursing homes.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Deaths (% dying) among confirmed COVID-19 cases by age. Data sources by country: United States (as of June 10, 2020), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://data.cdc.gov/NCHS/Provisional-COVID-19-Death-Counts-by-Sex-Age-and-W/vsak-wrfu); Spain (as of May 29, 2020), Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare (https://www.isciii.es/QueHacemos/Servicios/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE/EnfermedadesTransmisibles/Paginas/InformesCOVID-19.aspx); Korea (as of June 12, 2020), Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/bdBoardList_Real.do?brdId=1&brdGubun=11&ncvContSeq=&contSeq=&board_id=&gubun=); Italy (as of June 3, 2020), Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (the National Institute of Health of Italy; https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/bollettino/Bollettino-sorveglianza-integrata-COVID-19_3-giugno-2020.pdf); and China (as of February 11, 2020), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51, https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.032). Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Immunosenescence, dysregulated cytokines: United States population, 50+. Cytokines include interleukin 6, interleukin 10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, and transforming growth factor beta 1. Source: Health and Retirement Study, 2016 (https://hrs.isr.umich.edu/).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Percent of U.S. population with at least one chronic disease by age. Chronic diseases include heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, stroke, and hypertension. Source: Health and Retirement Study, 2016.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Percent of state COVID-19 deaths occurring to nursing home/long-term care residents. Sources: The data represent the percentage of nursing home and long-term care resident deaths divided by the statewide total number of COVID-19 deaths as of June 12, 2020. Most data came from the Nursing Home COVID-19 Public File Data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (https://data.cms.gov/stories/s/bkwz-xpvg), except for states where state nursing home data were also available from the state website. The reporting dates for the nursing home death data ranged from May 31, 2020, to June 12, 2020. Data shown for 48 contiguous states and District of Columbia. Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
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