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. 2020 Nov 20;15(11):e0242428.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242428. eCollection 2020.

Modified PID controller for automatic generation control of multi-source interconnected power system using fitness dependent optimizer algorithm

Amil Daraz  1 , Suheel Abdullah Malik  1 , Ihsan Ul Haq  1 , Khan Bahadar Khan  2 , Ghulam Fareed Laghari  1 , Farhan Zafar  1
Affiliations

Modified PID controller for automatic generation control of multi-source interconnected power system using fitness dependent optimizer algorithm

Amil Daraz et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

In this paper, a modified form of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller known as the Integral- Proportional Derivative (I-PD) controller is developed for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of the two-area multi-source Interconnected Power System (IPS). Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) algorithm is employed for the optimization of proposed controller with various performance criteria including Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral of Time multiplied Square Error (ITSE), and Integral Square Error (ISE). The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been assessed on a two-area network with individual source including gas, hydro and reheat thermal unit and then collectively with all three sources. Further, to validate the efficacy of the proposed FDO based PID and I-PD controllers, comprehensive comparative performance is carried and compared with other controllers including Differential Evolution based PID (DE-PID) controller and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) hybridized with Local Unimodal Sampling (LUS-PID) controller. The comparison of outcomes reveal that the proposed FDO based I-PD (FDO-I-PD) controller provides a significant improvement in respect of Overshoot (Osh), Settling time (Ts), and Undershoot (Ush). The robustness of an I-PD controller is also verified by varying parameter of the system and load variation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Structure of I-PD controller.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Structure of PID controller.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Rate of convergence for different algorithms.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Two-area model with reheat thermal power system.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Results for reheat thermal unit in area 1 with PID controller.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Results for reheat thermal unit in area 2 with PID controller.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Results for reheat thermal unit in area 1 with I-PD controller.
Fig 8
Fig 8. Results for reheat thermal unit in area 2 with I-PD controller.
Fig 9
Fig 9. Results for reheat thermal unit of tie-line power with PID controller.
Fig 10
Fig 10. Results for reheat thermal unit of tie-line power with I-PD controller.
Fig 11
Fig 11. Two-area model with hydro power unit.
Fig 12
Fig 12. Results for hydro power unit in area 1 with PID controller.
Fig 13
Fig 13. Results for hydro power unit in area 2 with PID controller.
Fig 14
Fig 14. Results for hydro power unit in area 1 with I-PD controller.
Fig 15
Fig 15. Results for hydro power unit in area 2 with I-PD controller.
Fig 16
Fig 16. Results for hydro power unit of tie-line power with PID controller.
Fig 17
Fig 17. Results for hydro power unit of tie-line power with I-PD controller.
Fig 18
Fig 18. Two-area model with gas power system.
Fig 19
Fig 19. Results for gas unit in area 1 with PID controller.
Fig 20
Fig 20. Results for gas unit in area 2 with PID controller.
Fig 21
Fig 21. Results for gas unit in area 1 with I-PD controller.
Fig 22
Fig 22. Results for gas unit in area 2 with I-PD controller.
Fig 23
Fig 23. Results for gas unit of tie-line power with PID controller.
Fig 24
Fig 24. Results for gas unit of tie-line power with I-PD controller.
Fig 25
Fig 25. Two-area with multi-source power system.
Fig 26
Fig 26. Results for multi-source in area 1 with PID controller.
Fig 27
Fig 27. Results for multi-source in area 2 with PID controller.
Fig 28
Fig 28. Results for multi-source in area 1 with I-PD controller.
Fig 29
Fig 29. Results for multi-source in area 2 with I-PD controller.
Fig 30
Fig 30. Results for multi-source of tie-line power with PID controller.
Fig 31
Fig 31. Results for multi-source of tie-line power with I-PD controller.
Fig 32
Fig 32. Comparison in sense of improvement% with reference DE-PID [11].
Fig 33
Fig 33. Results for variation in R with ΔF1.
Fig 34
Fig 34. Results for variation in R with ΔF2.
Fig 35
Fig 35. Results for variation in R with ΔPtie.
Fig 36
Fig 36. Results for variation in Tg with ΔF1.
Fig 37
Fig 37. Results for variation in Tg with ΔF2.
Fig 38
Fig 38. Results for variation in Tg with ΔPtie.
Fig 39
Fig 39. Results for variation in Tt with ΔF1.
Fig 40
Fig 40. Results for variation in Tt with ΔF2.
Fig 41
Fig 41. Results for variation in Tt with ΔPtie.
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