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Review
. 2020 Nov 18;25(22):5386.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25225386.

Terpenoids from Marine Soft Coral of the Genus Xenia in 1977 to 2019

Shean-Yeaw Ng  1 , Chin-Soon Phan  1 , Takahiro Ishii  2 , Takashi Kamada  3 , Toshiyuki Hamada  4 , Charles Santhanaraju Vairappan  1
Affiliations
Review

Terpenoids from Marine Soft Coral of the Genus Xenia in 1977 to 2019

Shean-Yeaw Ng et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Members of the marine soft coral genus Xenia are rich in a diversity of diterpenes. A total of 199 terpenes consisting of 14 sesquiterpenes, 180 diterpenes, and 5 steroids have been reported to date. Xenicane diterpenes were reported to be the most common chemical skeleton biosynthesized by members of this genus. Most of the literature reported the chemical diversity of Xenia collected from the coral reefs in the South China Sea and the coastal waters of Taiwan. Although there was a brief review on the terpenoids of Xenia in 2015, the present review is a comprehensive overview of the structural diversity of secondary metabolites isolated from soft coral genus Xenia and their potent biological activity as reported between 1977 to 2019.

Keywords: Xenia sp.; bioactivity; marine soft corals; natural products; terpenes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diversity of chemical skeletons discovered from soft coral genus Xenia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structures of compounds 1–17.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structures of compounds 18–44.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structures of compounds 45–62.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of compounds 63–87.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structures of compounds 88–113 and 123,124.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structures of compounds 88–113 and 123,124.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structures of compounds 114–122 and 125–130.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of compounds 131–180.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of compounds 131–180.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Structures of compounds 181–196.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Structures of compounds 197–201.
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