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. 2021 Jan;48(1):427-433.
doi: 10.1002/mp.14600. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Imaging of polarized components of Cerenkov light and luminescence of water during carbon-ion irradiation

Seiichi Yamamoto  1 , Takuya Yabe  1   2 , Takashi Akagi  3 , Yoshiyuki Hirano  1
Affiliations

Imaging of polarized components of Cerenkov light and luminescence of water during carbon-ion irradiation

Seiichi Yamamoto et al. Med Phys. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: The luminescence image of water during the irradiation of carbon ions showed higher intensity at shallow depths than dose distribution due to the contamination of Cerenkov light from secondary electrons. Since Cerenkov light is coherent and polarized for the light produced during the irradiation of carbon ions to water, the reduction of Cerenkov light may be possible with a polarizer. In addition, there is no information on the polarization of the luminescence of water. To clarify these points, we measured the optical images of water during the irradiation of carbon ions with a polarizer by changing the directions of the transmission axis.

Methods: Imaging was conducted using a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera during the irradiation of 241.5 MeV/n energy carbon ions to a water phantom with a polarizer in front of the lens by changing the transmission axis parallel and perpendicular to the carbon-ion beam.

Results: With the polarizer parallel to the carbon-ion beam, the intensity at the shallow depth was ~26% higher than that measured with the polarizer perpendicular to the beam. We found no significant intensity difference between these two images at deeper depths where the Cerenkov light was not included. The difference image of the parallel and perpendicular directions showed almost the same image as the simulated Cerenkov light distribution. Using the measured difference image, correction of the Cerenkov component was possible from the measured luminescence image of water during the irradiation of carbon ions.

Conclusion: We could measure the difference of the Cerenkov light component by changing the transmission axis of the polarizer. Also we clarified that there was no difference in the luminescence of water by changing the transmission axis of the polarizer.

Keywords: Cherenkov-light; carbon ions; imaging; luminescence; polarization.

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References

    1. Yamamoto S, Toshito T, Okumura S, Komori M. Luminescence imaging of water during proton-beam irradiation for range estimation. Med. Phy. 2015;42:6498-6506.
    1. Yamamoto S, Komori M, Akagi T, et al. Luminescence imaging of water during carbon-ion irradiation for range estimation. Med Phys. 2016;43:2455-2463.
    1. Yabe T, Komori M, Akagi T, Yamashita T, Yamamoto S. Imaging of fragment particles in water by nuclear spallation during carbon-ion irradiation. Phys Med Biol. 2019;64:13NT01.
    1. Yamamoto S, Koyama S, Yabe T, et al. Stability and linearity of luminescence imaging of water during irradiation of proton-beams and X-ray photons lower energy than the Cerenkov light threshold. Nuclear Inst Methods Phys Res A. 2018;883:48-56.
    1. Jelley JV. Cherenkov Radiation and Its Applications. Oxford: Pergamon; 1958.

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