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Review
. 2020 Nov 13:13:11645-11658.
doi: 10.2147/OTT.S271955. eCollection 2020.

Emerging Role of Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis

Xianzhe Yu #  1 , Lingling Zhu #  2 , Jiewei Liu #  2 , Ming Xie  1 , Jiang Chen  3 , Jianguo Li  1
Affiliations
Review

Emerging Role of Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis

Xianzhe Yu et al. Onco Targets Ther. .

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in the world and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with the liver as the most common site of distant metastasis. The prognosis of CRC with liver metastasis is poor, and most patients cannot undergo surgery. In addition, conventional antitumor approaches such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgery result in unsatisfactory outcomes. In recent years, immunotherapy has shown good prospects in the treatment of assorted tumors by enhancing the host's antitumor immune function, and it may become a new effective treatment for liver metastasis of CRC. However, challenges remain in applying immunotherapy to CRC with liver metastasis. This review examines how the microenvironment and immunosuppressive landscape of the liver favor tumor progression. It also highlights the latest research advances in immunotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis and identifies immunotherapy as a treatment regimen with a promising future in clinical applications.

Keywords: colorectal cancer; deficient DNA mismatch repair; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immunotherapy; liver metastasis; tumor immune microenvironment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The immunosuppressive microenvironment of the liver and colorectal cancer contributes to liver metastasis and poor survival in colorectal cancer, which can be treated using immunotherapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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