Macroalgae of Izmir Gulf: Cystoseira barbata, Cystoseira compressa and Cystoseira crinita species have high α-glucosidase and Moderate Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Activities

Abstract

Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia have been symptoms of many serious diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis overall the world. Thus, drug researchers have focused on new, natural and healthy drug alternatives. Marine macroalgae is a great source of hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic or hypocholesterolemic agents. In this study, we investigated that hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and cytotoxic potentials of 22 marine macroalgae from the Gulf of Izmir. According to our results, the cold methanol extract of Polysiphonia denudata exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (93.6%) compared to BHA (95.3%). Three Cystoseira species, Cystoseria crinita (91.9%), Cystoseria barbata (90.7%), Cystoseria compressa (89.8%) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibition rates than oral antidiabetic acarbose (79.5%). It has also been observed that same species are potent inhibitors of pancreatic lipase. Cytotoxicity test revealed that these extracts did not cause viability inhibition on MCF-7. The results of maltose- glucose assay indirectly displayed that Cystoseira cold methanolic extracts inhibited maltose consumption better than acarbose on HT29. The results of this screening study show that these Cystoseira species may provide non- toxic bioactive agents to control non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Alpha-glucosidase; Cystoseira; HT29; Inhibitors; Pancreatic lipase.

Figure 1

TLC profiles of macroalgae. Some of the macroalgal extracts were excluded from study (3, 4, 12, 17, 20, 22 and 25). (a) The members of Chlorophyta: (1) Cladophora sp., (2) Ulva linza, (5) Ulva rigida, (6) Chaetomorpha aerea, (7) Codium fragile. (b) The members of Rhodophyta: (8) Gracillaria gracilis, (9) Polysiphonia denudata, (10) Osmundea pinnatifida, (11) Gelidium pulchellum, (13) Acanthophora nayadiformis, (14) Ceramium virgatum, (15) Gelidium spinosum, (16) Laurencia obtusa, (18) Palisada perforata. (c) The members of Phaeophyceae: (19) Petalonia fascia, (21) Colpamenia sinuosa, (23) Halopteris filicina, (24) Dictyota dichotoma, (26) Cystoseira compressa, (27) Cystoseira crinita, (28) Cystoseira barbata, (29) Dictyota spiralis

Figure 2

Cystoseira species do not inhibit the cell viability at the administered doses. EGE41721: C. compressa, EGE41722: C. crinita, EGE41720: C. barbata

Figure 3

Cystoseira species exhibit stronger inhibition than acarbose on α-glucosidase enzyme of HT29 at the administered doses. EGE41721: C. compressa, EGE41722: C. crinita, EGE41720: C. barbata