Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Sep;15(9):625-648.
doi: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0124.

A comprehensive review about SARS-CoV-2

Sk Manirul Haque  1 , Omar Ashwaq  1 , Abdulla Sarief  1 , Abdul Kalam Azad John Mohamed  1
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive review about SARS-CoV-2

Sk Manirul Haque et al. Future Virol. 2020 Sep.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in China, December 2019. Since then, it has spread the length and breadth of the world at an unprecedented, alarming rate. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, which causes COVID-19, has much in common with its closest homologs, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV. The virus-host interaction of SARS-CoV-2 uses the same receptor, ACE2, which is similar to that of SARS-CoV, which spreads through the respiratory tract. Patients with COVID-19 report symptoms including mild-to-severe fever, cough and fatigue; very few patients report gastrointestinal infections. There are no specific antiviral strategies. A few strong medications are under investigation, so we have to focus on proposals which ought to be taken to forestall this infection in a living host.

Keywords: COVID-19; RNA; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; inhibitors; life cycle.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Financial & competing interests disclosure The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Classification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 starting from the family of nidovirales.
BToV: Bovine torovirus; DKNV: Dak nong virus; EAV: Equine arteritis virus; FCoV Feline coronavirus; HToV: Human torovirus; IBV: Infectious bronchitis virus; MERS-CoV: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MHV: Mouse hepatitis virus; PRRSV: Porcine torovirus; TGEV: Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus; SARS-CoV: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; YHV: Yellow head virus; WBV: White bream virus.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 showing the genomic RNA and structural proteins.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Life cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 corona virus in the human cell, based on the information acquired by studying coronavirus in general.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Genomic representation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 consisting of open reading frames that encode structural and nonstructural proteins, along with their structurally characterized 3D images.
Mutations found when aligning the proteins against their closest homologs such as human SARS-CoV, bat coronavirus BtCoV and bat betacoronavirus BtRf-BetaCoV coronaviruses are highlighted in green and novel protein inserts found in Spike protein are highlighted in blue. SARS-CoV: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Death rate of novel coronavirus disease.
Expon.: Exponential.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.. Total cases of novel coronavirus disease.
Expon.: Exponential.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.. Total recovered cases of novel coronavirus disease.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.. Case fatality rate of different regions due to coronavirus disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W. et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N. Engl. J. Med. 382(8), 727–733 (2020). - PMC - PubMed

    2. •• Reports the first novel CoV (2019-nCoV) infected hospitalized patient and discussed its cytopathic effects with morphology in the host cell.

    1. Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS. et al. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Microbiol. 5(4), 536–544 (2020). - PMC - PubMed

    2. • Categorical classification of 2019-nCoV based on virus taxonomy.

    1. Cong Y, Verlhac P, Reggiori F. The interaction between nidovirales and autophagy components. Viruses 9(7), 182 (2017). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Su S, Wong G, Shi W. et al. Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol. 24(6), 490–502 (2016). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 17(3), 181–192 (2019). - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources