Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020;6(1):116.
doi: 10.1186/s43094-020-00133-y. Epub 2020 Nov 17.

COVID-19 pandemic crisis-a complete outline of SARS-CoV-2

Sana Saffiruddin Shaikh  1 , Anooja P Jose  2 , Disha Anil Nerkar  2 , Midhuna Vijaykumar Kv  2 , Saquib Khaleel Shaikh  1
Affiliations
Review

COVID-19 pandemic crisis-a complete outline of SARS-CoV-2

Sana Saffiruddin Shaikh et al. Futur J Pharm Sci. 2020.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, a fatal disease emerged from Wuhan, a large city in the Chinese province of Hubei in December 2019.

Main body of abstract: The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic due to its spread to other countries inside and outside Asia. Initial confirmation of the pandemic shows patient exposure to the Huanan seafood market. Bats might be a significant host for the spread of coronaviruses via an unknown intermediate host. The human-to-human transfer has become a significant concern due to one of the significant reasons that is asymptomatic carriers or silent spreaders. No data is obtained regarding prophylactic treatment for COVID-19, although many clinical trials are underway.

Conclusion: The most effective weapon is prevention and precaution to avoid the spread of the pandemic. In this current review, we outline pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, ongoing clinical trials, prevention, and precautions. We have also highlighted the impact of pandemic worldwide and challenges that can help to overcome the fatal disease in the future.

Keywords: COVID-19; Clinical trials; Lifecycle; Pathogenesis; Prevention; SARS-CoV-2.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interestsI, on behalf of all the authors, hereby declare that there is no significant financial, professional, or personal competing interest that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Structure of novel coronavirus
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Classification of coronavirus
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Lifecycle of coronavirus
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
a Graph of confirmed (cumulative) cases overtime in various countries. b Graph of death (cumulative) overtime in various countries
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Complete pathogenesis of coronavirus
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Symptoms for coronavirus
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Survival of virus on various objects
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Prevention and precaution
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Helena JM, Erica B, Paul B (2015) Coronaviruses: methods and protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology Springer, vol 1282. 10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7
    1. Hussin AR, Siddappa NB (2020, 109) The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmunity 102433 Elsevier. 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mohsen R, Vida G, Zahra T (2020) Immune responses and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during an outbreak in Iran: comparison with SARS and MERS. Rev Med Virol Wiley. 10.1002/rmv.2107 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tanu S (2020) A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr 87(4):281–286. 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nanshan C, Zhou M, Dong X, Jieming Q, Gong F, Yang H, Yang Q, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J’a, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L (2020) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, vol 395, pp 507–513. DOI. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7 - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources