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. 2020 Dec;118(6):S153-S163.
doi: 10.5546/aap.2020.S153.

[Arterial hypertension in the newborn]

[Article in Spanish]
Comité Nacional de Nefrología  1 ; Comité de Estudios Feto Neonatales (CEFEN)
Affiliations
Free article

[Arterial hypertension in the newborn]

[Article in Spanish]
Comité Nacional de Nefrología et al. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2020 Dec.
Free article

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Multiple factors contribute to the blood pressure of a neonate: gestational age, birth weight, postmenstrual age and maternal factors are the most significant contributors. Common causes of neonatal hypertension are bronchopulmonary dysplasia, renal disease and history of umbilical arterial catheter placement. Other important factors that contribute to neonatal hypertension are medications (inotropic drugs, caffeine) and fluid management. Depending on the clinical situation and the severity of the hypertension, treatment can be given with intravenous or oral medications. Available data suggest that long-term outcomes are usually good, with resolution of hypertension in most infants. However, hypertensive neonates as well as normotensive premature neonates may be at increased risk for the development of hypertension in the future.

La tensión arterial normal en los recién nacidos depende de la edad gestacional, el peso al nacer, la edad posmenstrual, y la salud materna durante el embarazo. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) neonatal es más frecuente en recién nacidos con displasia broncopulmonar, enfermedades renales o está relacionada con la cateterización de los vasos umbilicales. El diagnóstico etiológico deberá tener presente causas condicionantes, como el uso de medicación potencialmente productora de HTA (inotrópicos, cafeína) o el inadecuado manejo de líquidos. El tratamiento estará determinado por la gravedad y la forma de presentación, y podrá realizarse en forma parenteral u oral. La mayoría de los casos de HTA neonatal se resolverán sin dejar secuelas ni requerir medicación a largo plazo. Sin embargo, el seguimiento es muy importante porque los recién nacidos que continúan hipertensos luego del alta de la terapia neonatal y los prematuros normotensos podrían estar en riesgo de desarrollar HTA en el futuro.

Keywords: antihypertensive agents; arterial pressure; hypertension; neonate; prematurity.

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Conflict of interest statement

None

References

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