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. 2020 Nov 21;13(22):5264.
doi: 10.3390/ma13225264.

The Mechanical Properties of Fiber Metal Laminates Based on 3D Printed Composites

Bharat Yelamanchi  1 , Eric MacDonald  2 , Nancy G Gonzalez-Canche  3 , Jose G Carrillo  3 , Pedro Cortes  1
Affiliations

The Mechanical Properties of Fiber Metal Laminates Based on 3D Printed Composites

Bharat Yelamanchi et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The production and mechanical properties of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) based on 3D printed composites have been investigated in this study. FMLs are structures constituting an alternating arrangement of metal and composite materials that are used in the aerospace sector due to their unique mechanical performance. 3D printing technology in FMLs could allow the production of structures with customized configuration and performance. A series of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites were printed on a Markforged system and placed between layers of aluminum alloy to manufacture a novel breed of FMLs in this study. These laminates were subjected to tensile, low velocity and high velocity impact tests. The results show that the tensile strength of the FMLs falls between the strength of their constituent materials, while the low and high velocity impact performance of the FMLs is superior to those observed for the plain aluminum and the composite material. This mechanism is related to the energy absorption process displayed by the plastic deformation, and interfacial delamination within the laminates. The present work expects to provide an initial research platform for considering 3D printing in the manufacturing process of hybrid laminates.

Keywords: 3D printing; fiber metal laminate; impact; mechanical performance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the manufactured 3D printed composites.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Investigated fiber metal laminates (FML) 3/2 system (a) Schematic representation (b) FML 3/2 side view.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Impact tower and sample holder used to perform the low velocity impact tests.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Gas gun apparatus used for performing the high velocity impact testing.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Representative tensile stress-strain curve of plain Al and carbon fiber (CF) FMLs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Tensile strength of the CF-FMLs and its constituent materials.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Tensile FML samples with (a,b) 3/2 configuration and (c,d) 2/1 configuration.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Micrograph of the debonded face following the single cantilever beam (SCB) testing, where some residual ONYX and adhesive remained attached to the metal layer and (b) Sample during SCB testing.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Force–time curves of FMLs and constituent materials for different impact energies (a) Plain aluminum, (b) Composite, (c) FML 2/1, and (d) FML 3/2.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Perforation response of (a) Aluminum and (b) Composite specimens.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Cross sections of FML 2/1 at different impact energies.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Cross sections of FML 3/2 at different impact energies.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Impact energies for FMLs and constituent materials.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Specific impact perforation energies on the FMLs and the constituent materials.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Peak force vs. impact energy of each studied material.
Figure 16
Figure 16
High velocity impacted samples. (a) FML 2/1 at 176 m/s (b) FML 3/2 at 273 m/s (c) Perforated FML 2/1 (d) Perforated FML 3/2 (e) Perforated plain composite.
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References

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