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Comment
. 2020 Dec 22;117(51):32209-32210.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2019906117. Epub 2020 Nov 24.

Reply to Strunz and Braeckel: Agricultural failures logically link historical events to extreme climate following the 43 BCE Okmok eruption

Joseph R McConnell  1   2 , Michael Sigl  3   4 , Gill Plunkett  5 , Andrew I Wilson  6   7 , Joseph G Manning  8   9   10 , Francis Ludlow  11 , Nathan J Chellman  12
Affiliations
Comment

Reply to Strunz and Braeckel: Agricultural failures logically link historical events to extreme climate following the 43 BCE Okmok eruption

Joseph R McConnell et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Timeline summarizing the timing, duration, and climate effects of the unknown 45 BCE and Okmok 43 BCE eruptions relative to historical and other events during the waning days of the Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom (after ref. 1). European summer temperatures are taken from ref. .
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

    1. McConnell J. R., et al. , Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska’s Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 15443–15449 (2020). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Strunz S., Braeckel O., Did volcano eruptions alter the trajectories of the Roman Republic and the Ptolemaic Kingdom? Moving beyond black-box determinism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 32207–32208 (2020). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Luterbacher J., et al. , European summer temperatures since Roman times. Environ. Res. Lett. 11, 24001 (2016).