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Review
. 2020 Nov 23;13(22):5303.
doi: 10.3390/ma13225303.

Advanced Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral Tissue Engineering and Regeneration-A Review

Anamaria Matichescu  1 , Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean  2 , Laura-Cristina Rusu  3 , Dragos Craciun  3 , Emanuel Adrian Bratu  4 , Marius Babucea  3 , Marius Leretter  5
Affiliations
Review

Advanced Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral Tissue Engineering and Regeneration-A Review

Anamaria Matichescu et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The reconstruction or repair of oral and maxillofacial functionalities and aesthetics is a priority for patients affected by tooth loss, congenital defects, trauma deformities, or various dental diseases. Therefore, in dental medicine, tissue reconstruction represents a major interest in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, and even daily clinical practice. The current clinical approaches involve a vast array of techniques ranging from the traditional use of tissue grafts to the most innovative regenerative procedures, such as tissue engineering. In recent decades, a wide range of both artificial and natural biomaterials and scaffolds, genes, stem cells isolated from the mouth area (dental follicle, deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, salivary glands, and adipose tissue), and various growth factors have been tested in tissue engineering approaches in dentistry, with many being proven successful. However, to fully eliminate the problems of traditional bone and tissue reconstruction in dentistry, continuous research is needed. Based on a recent literature review, this paper creates a picture of current innovative strategies applying dental stem cells for tissue regeneration in different dental fields and maxillofacial surgery, and offers detailed information regarding the available scientific data and practical applications.

Keywords: 3D printing; additive manufacturing; biomaterials; growth factors; regenerative dentistry; regenerative medicine; scaffolds; stem cells; tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classical pillars of tissue engineering: (a) the cells (stem cells/progenitor cells), (b) the signaling/growth factors, (c) the biomaterial scaffolds/extracellular matrix.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Types of human SCs in the oral and maxillofacial region.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Regeneration of functional pulpal tissue: (a) non-vital pulp, (b) transplantation of stem cells, (c) regenerated pulp.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Periodontal tissue regeneration: (a) diseased periodontium, (b) regenerated periodontium.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Bio-engineered tooth: (a) selection of dental cells sources and scaffolds, with addition of growth factors, (b) bio-reactor for in vitro development of bio-engineered tooth bud, (c) bio-tooth.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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