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. 2021 Jan;104(1):12-25.
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0541.

Attaining 95-95-95 through Implementation Science: 15 Years of Insights and Best Practices from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research's Implementation of the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

Elizabeth H Lee  1   2 , Kavitha Ganesan  1   3 , Samoel A Khamadi  1   4 , Stanley C Meribe  5 , Dorothy Njeru  6 , Yakubu Adamu  5 , Fred Magala  7 , Trevor A Crowell  1   2   3 , Eniko Akom  1   3 , Patricia Agaba  1   3 , Priyanka Desai  1   3 , Tiffany Hamm  1   3 , Deydre Teyhen  1 , Julie A Ake  1 , Christina S Polyak  1   3 , Douglas Shaffer  8 , Fredrick Sawe  6   9 , Patrick W Hickey  2
Affiliations

Attaining 95-95-95 through Implementation Science: 15 Years of Insights and Best Practices from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research's Implementation of the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

Elizabeth H Lee et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) supports more than 350,000 people on lifesaving HIV treatment in Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda through funding from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Here, we review and synthesize the range of impacts WRAIR's implementation science portfolio has had on PEPFAR service delivery for military and civilian populations since 2003. We also explore how investments in implementation science create institutional synergies within the U.S. Department of Defense, contributing to broad global health engagements and improving health outcomes for populations served. Finally, we discuss WRAIR's contributions to PEPFAR priorities through use of data to drive and improve programming in real time in the era of HIV epidemic control and public health messaging that includes prevention, the 95-95-95 goals, and comorbidities.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the positions of the U.S. Army, the Uniformed Services University, or the Department of Defense.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Map of Walter Reed Army Institute of Research’s (WRAIR) President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) programs in Africa with HIV subnational prevalence. Program locations for civilian programs are depicted for each country where WRAIR supports U.S. PEPFAR programming. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research also supports military programs in Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania not depicted here for security, as well as clinical activities and multiple research sites (see Supplemental Table 1). Major research sites are depicted here. Data accessed on August 23, 2020 as follows: Kenya: 2018 Kenya Public Health Impact Assessment preliminary data https://phia.icap.columbia.edu/kenya-preliminary-report/; Nigeria: 2019 Nigerian HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey data https://naca.gov.ng/nigeria-prevalence-rate/; Tanzania: 2016–2017 Tanzania HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey data https://phia.icap.columbia.edu/tanzania-summary-sheet/; Uganda: 2016–2017 Ugandan Public Health Impact Assessment data https://phia.icap.columbia.edu/uganda-summary-sheet/; Geographic Information System (GIS) shapefiles: https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=64aff05d66ff443caf9711fd988e21dd&view=list&sortOrder=true&sortField=defaultFSOrder#overview and https://spatialdata.dhsprogram.com/home/. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. WHO , 2019. Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data: HIV/AIDS. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; Available at: https://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/. Accessed September 26, 2019.
    1. UNAIDS , 2019. Global HIV and AIDS Statistics—2019 Fact Sheet. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; Available at: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet. Accessed September 26, 2019.
    1. United States Department of State, Office of Inspector General , 2010. Report of Inspection: Review of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) at Select Embassies Overseas. Washington, DC: Office of the Inspector General.
    1. Daschle T, Frist B, 2015. The Case for Strategic Health Diplomacy: A Study of PEPFAR Bipartisan Policy Center. Washington, DC: Bipartisan Policy Center.
    1. U.S. Department of State Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy , 2019. The United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief 2019 Annual Report to Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy.

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