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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2021 Apr;17(2):e13096.
doi: 10.1111/mcn.13096. Epub 2020 Nov 26.

Home gardening improves dietary diversity, a cluster-randomized controlled trial among Tanzanian women

Mia M Blakstad  1 , Dominic Mosha  2 , Alexandra L Bellows  1 , Chelsey R Canavan  1 , Jarvis T Chen  3 , Killian Mlalama  2 , Ramadhani A Noor  4 , Joyce Kinabo  5 , Honorati Masanja  2 , Wafaie W Fawzi  1   4   6
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Home gardening improves dietary diversity, a cluster-randomized controlled trial among Tanzanian women

Mia M Blakstad et al. Matern Child Nutr. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Homestead food production (HFP) programmes improve the availability of vegetables by providing training in growing nutrient-dense crops. In rural Tanzania, most foods consumed are carbohydrate-rich staples with low micronutrient concentrations. This cluster-randomized controlled trial investigated whether women growing home gardens have higher dietary diversity, household food security or probability of consuming nutrient-rich food groups than women in a control group. We enrolled 1,006 women of reproductive age in 10 villages in Pwani Region in eastern Tanzania, split between intervention (INT) and control (CON) groups. INT received (a) agricultural training and inputs to promote HFP and dietary diversity and (b) nutrition and public health counselling from agricultural extension workers and community health workers. CON received standard services provided by agriculture and health workers. Results were analysed using linear regression models with propensity weighting adjusting for individual-level confounders and differential loss to follow up. Women in INT consumed 0.50 (95% CI [0.20, 0.80], p = 0.001) more food groups per day than women in CON. Women in INT were also 14 percentage points (95% CI [6, 22], p = 0.001) more likely to consume at least five food groups per day, and INT households were 6 percentage points (95% CI [-13, 0], p = 0.059) less likely to experience moderate-to-severe food insecurity compared with CON. This home gardening intervention had positive effects on diet quality and food security after 1 year. Future research should explore whether impact is sustained over time as well as the effects of home garden interventions on additional measures of nutritional status.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03311698.

Keywords: community based; community health workers; dietary diversity; food and nutrient intake; food security; homestead food production; leafy greens; low income; maternal nutrition; micronutrients; nutrition-sensitive agriculture.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Risk differences between intervention (INT) and control (CON) households after 12 months of follow up. Adjusted models show difference in risk of outcome expressed as a probability of outcome in INT compared with CON group
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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