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. 2020 Dec;99(12):7015-7026.
doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.024. Epub 2020 Sep 18.

Mild heat stress changes the microbiota diversity in the respiratory tract and the cecum of layer-type pullets

Minghui Wang  1 , Xiaoyan Lin  1 , Hongchao Jiao  1 , Victoria Uyanga  1 , Jingpeng Zhao  1 , Xiaojuan Wang  1 , Haifang Li  2 , Yunlei Zhou  3 , Shuhong Sun  4 , Hai Lin  5
Affiliations

Mild heat stress changes the microbiota diversity in the respiratory tract and the cecum of layer-type pullets

Minghui Wang et al. Poult Sci. 2020 Dec.

Abstract

The present study aimed to research the effects of cyclic heat environment on the microbial diversity and structure of respiratory tract and cecum of chicken. A total of 360 layer-type pullets at 11 wk of age were subjected to different temperature treatments for 10 wk: constant 22°C; cyclic temperature 22°C to 24°C, 22°C to 26°C, 22°C to 28°C, 22°C to 30°C; the ambient temperature increased from 10:00, reached the set point within 1 h, and maintained until 18:00, thereafter the temperature was restored to 22°C; and the relative humidity was maintained at 60%. The result showed that feed intake of the chickens on ambient temperature 30°C group was significantly lower than that of the chickens on ambient temperature 24°C. The white blood cell, red blood cell, lymphocyte, hemoglobin, and pecked-cell volume content were highest at 24°C on 14, 16, and 18 wk. The ratio of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ T cells was lowest at 30°C. Meanwhile, the abundance of cecum bacteria in chickens at 30°C was lower than that at 24°C. Cyclic heat environment temperature treatment did not significantly affect the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in chicken bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels during 10 wk of trial. The diversity index analysis showed that the effect of 24°C on the cecum flora of chickens was optimal. Abundance of Firmicutes bacteria in the lung flora and cecum flora was lower at 30°C than at 24°C group. Similarly, the microorganism, Brevibacillus in the BALF was also significantly lower at 24°C. In conclusion, cyclic 24°C treatment was beneficial for the feed intake, blood routine indexes, microflora structure of the cecum, and respiratory tract in laying pullets.

Keywords: cecum microbiota; layer-type pullet; mild heat stress; respiratory microbiota.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of cyclic temperature treatment on T-cell populations of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 12).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of cyclic temperature treatment on the microbiota diversity in respiratory tract. (A) The lung microbiota analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA); (B) Venn diagram of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in different treatments; (C) statistics of OTUs clustering and annotation of each sample; data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of lung bacteria at phylum level. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4). ∗P < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of cyclic temperature treatment on the bacterial community structure in respiratory tract. (A) Distribution of lung bacteria at phylum level; (B) distribution of lung bacteria at genus level. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4). ∗P < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of cyclic temperature treatment on the cecum bacterial community structure at the phylum level. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5). ∗∗P < 0.01.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of cyclic temperature treatment on the cecum bacterial community structure at the order level. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5). ∗∗P < 0.01.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of cyclic temperature treatment on the cecum bacterial community structure at the genus level. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5).
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