Toenail mercury levels positively correlate with obesity and abdominal obesity among Korean adults

Abstract

Background: Although previous studies have shown that short-term exposure to mercury is associated with obesity, it should be noted that mercury is not easily released and that it constantly accumulates in the body. However, few studies have explored the association between chronic mercury exposure and obesity. This study aimed to examine the association between chronic mercury exposure and obesity in Korean adults.

Methods: The study used baseline data from the Trace Element Study of Korean Adults in Yeungnam area. A total of 495 participants aged 40-69 years who provided the required information (demographic, diet, lifestyle, toenail mercury levels, and health examination results) were included. Toenail mercury levels were measured using neutron-activation analysis. Body mass index and waist circumference were obtained from medical examination. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression were used in the analysis.

Results: In the fully adjusted logistic regression models, participants with the highest toenail mercury levels had a higher prevalence of obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 3.26, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.79-5.93) and abdominal obesity (OR: 2.30, 95 % CI: 1.15-4.59). In the cubic spline regression model, linear relationships were confirmed between increased toenail mercury levels and higher prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (all p > 0.05 for nonlinearity).

Conclusions: In summary, chronic mercury exposure was associated with higher prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in Korean adults. Therefore, the development of public health interventions against environmental exposure of foods is required to manage and prevent obesity.

Keywords: Abdominal obesity; Endocrine disruptor; Mercury; Obesity; Toenail.