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Review
. 2021 Mar 5;104(1):39-48.
doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa113.

Overview of Portable Assays for the Detection of Mycotoxins, Allergens, and Sanitation Monitoring

Ronald W Sarver  1 , David J Almy  1 , Eric R Bergeron  1 , Benjamin F Strong  1 , Brent A Steiner  1 , Robert Donofrio  1 , Anthony J Lupo  1 , R Lucas Gray  1 , Amanda K Sperry  1
Affiliations
Review

Overview of Portable Assays for the Detection of Mycotoxins, Allergens, and Sanitation Monitoring

Ronald W Sarver et al. J AOAC Int. .

Abstract

Background: Many food recalls are related to the presence of undeclared allergens and microorganisms in food products. To reduce these occurrences, portable diagnostic assay kits are available to quantitate mycotoxins, to detect allergens and gluten in foods and on environmental surfaces, and for sanitation monitoring.

Objective: This article reviews diagnostic kits that can detect sources of contamination in food and ingredients as well as on surfaces and clean-in-place rinses.

Method: Mycotoxins and gluten were detected using lateral flow diagnostic assays. Sanitation monitoring of surfaces was completed using a chemiluminescent assay to detect adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate (ATP) and another assay to detect protein.

Results: Gluten was detected at 10 ppm in spiked commodities and on wet and dry surfaces at 2.5 µg/100cm2. Deoxynivalenol was quantitated in dry distillers grains plus solubles and mean results were within two SDs of those determined by HPLC. The chemiluminescent assay had an LOD of 6 fmol of ATP and was able to detect a 1:10 000 dilution of orange juice from surfaces. The protein assay detected 5 µg of bovine serum albumin (BSA) directly applied to the sampler, 100 µg of BSA on surfaces, and detected 1:10 dilutions of Greek yogurt and raw beef from surfaces.

Conclusions: Portable diagnostic kits evaluated in this work provided accurate, rapid, and sensitive results for detection of mycotoxins, gluten, proteins, and ATP. These methods can be used in facilities with minimal training and provide results that are important to ensure food safety.

Highlights: Portable methods to detect gluten, mycotoxins, proteins, and ATP are presented.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Probability of detecting gluten in CIP rinse using Reveal® 3D for Gluten lateral flow assay (upper and lower confidence intervals are also shown).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Concentration (ppm) of DON in DDGS by LFD and HPLC.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
RLU versus ATP femtomoles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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