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Multicenter Study
. 2022 Jan;41(1):20-29.
doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1833790. Epub 2020 Nov 30.

Vitamin D, Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium Consumption and Markers of Glucose Metabolism in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Cristina Palacios  1 , Cynthia M Pérez  2 , Lorena González-Sepúlveda  3 , Leonor Corsino  4 , Sandra S Albrecht  5   6 , Anna Maria Siega-Riz  7 , Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu  8 , Sarah Casagrande  9 , Daniela Sotres-Alvarez  10 , M Larissa Avilés-Santa  11
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Vitamin D, Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium Consumption and Markers of Glucose Metabolism in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Cristina Palacios et al. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: This was a cross-sectional study associating vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and potassium intakes with markers of glucose metabolism in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Methods: HCHS/SOL is a multicenter, prospective, population-based cohort study on Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 years in the US. For this analysis, we included 10,609 participants who were free of diabetes. Analysis of covariance was used to assess associations of a range of micronutrient intake on the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and 2-hour post-oral glucose tolerance test (2h-plasma glucose) separately for normoglycemic and with pre-diabetes, after controlling for important confounders. All analyses accounted for the complex sample design and sampling weights.

Results: HOMA-IR levels were significantly lower among adults with intakes in the highest quartile for vitamin D, magnesium, and potassium compared to the respective lowest quartiles, for those with normoglycemia and pre-diabetes, even after adjusting for confounders, such as diet quality (p < 0.05). For those with pre-diabetes, HOMA-IR levels were also significantly lower for those in the highest quartile of calcium intake. However, 2h-plasma glucose was significantly higher in those with intakes higher than quartile 1 for vitamin D and calcium among those with normoglycemia and significantly higher in quartile 3 of potassium intake for those with pre-diabetes, p < 0.05. No significant associations were found for HbA1c in either group.

Conclusions: Higher consumption of vitamin D, magnesium, and potassium are associated with optimal levels of HOMA-IR among participants with normoglycemia and pre-diabetes.

Keywords: 2-hour glucose levels; HOMA-IR; HbA1c; Hispanics/Latinos; Vitamin D; calcium; magnesium; potassium.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors had any financial or other conflicts of interest.

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Figure 1.
Flow of participants
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