Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020:27:68.
doi: 10.1051/parasite/2020064. Epub 2020 Nov 27.

Leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in Oman Sultanate

Jean-Antoine Rioux  1 , Marina Gramiccia  2 , Nicole Léger  3 , Philippe Desjeux  4 , Jérôme Depaquit  5
Affiliations

Leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in Oman Sultanate

Jean-Antoine Rioux et al. Parasite. 2020.

Abstract
in English, French

There are few data on leishmaniases and sandflies in Oman Sultanate. We carried out an eco-epidemiological study in 1998 in the two main mountains of the country, the Sharqiyah and the Dhofar. This study allowed us to isolate and identify three Leishmania strains from patients exhibiting cutaneous leishmaniasis. The typing carried out by isoenzymatic study and by molecular biology were congruent: two strains of Leishmania donovani zymodeme (Z) MON-31 isolated in the Sharqiyah and one L. tropica ZROM102 (ZMON-39 variant for 4 isoenzymes) from the Dhofar. No strain was isolated from canids. The study of sandflies identified 14 species distributed in the genera Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia and Grassomyia: Ph. papatasi, Ph. bergeroti, Ph. duboscqi, Ph. alexandri, Ph. saevus, Ph. sergenti, Se. fallax, Se. baghdadis, Se. cincta, Se. christophersi, Se. clydei, Se. tiberiadis, Se. africana, and Gr. dreyfussi. In Sharqiyah, the only candidate for the transmission of L. donovani was Ph. alexandri, but the low densities observed of this species do not argue in favor of any role. In Dhofar, Ph. sergenti is the most important proven vector of L. tropica, but Ph. saevus, a locally much more abundant species, constitutes a good candidate for transmission.

Title: Leishmanioses et phlébotomes au Sultanat d’Oman.

Abstract: Il existe peu de données sur les leishmanioses et les phlébotomes en Oman. Nous y avons mené en 1998 une étude éco-épidémiologique dans les deux principaux massifs montagneux du pays, la Sharqiyah et le Dhofar. Cette étude nous a permis d’isoler et d’identifier trois souches de Leishmania à partir de patients présentant des leishmanioses cutanées. Les typages menés par étude isoenzymatique et par biologie moléculaire ont été congruents : deux souches de Leishmania donovani ZMON-31 isolées dans la Sharqiyah et une de L. tropica ZROM102 (ZMON-39 variant pour 4 isoenzymes) originaire du Dhofar. Aucune souche n’a été isolée à partir de Canidés. L’étude des Phlébotomes a permis d’identifier 14 espèces réparties dans les genres Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia et Grassomyia : Ph. papatasi, Ph. bergeroti, Ph. duboscqi, Ph. alexandri, Ph. saevus, Ph. sergenti, Se. fallax, Se. baghdadis, Se. cincta, Se. christophersi, Se. clydei, Se. tiberiadis, Se. africana et Gr. dreyfussi. Dans la Sharqiyah, la seule espèce candidate à la transmission de L. donovani est Ph. alexandri mais les faibles densités observées de cette espèce ne plaident pas en faveur d’un quelconque rôle. Dans le Dhofar, Ph. sergenti est le principal vecteur prouvé de L. tropica mais Ph. saevus, espèce localement bien plus abondante, constitue une bonne espèce candidate à la transmission.

Keywords: Eco-epidemiology; Leishmania isolation and typing; Oman; Patients; Phlebotomine sandflies.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagram showing a cut of the Djebel Qara, in the vicinity of Salalah (Dhofar) after [46], modified. Dh1: shores with Avicennia marina (residual mangrove); Dh2: piedmont with Boscia arabica; Dh3: mountain flanks and humid escarpments with Anogeissus dhofarica and hilly plateaus with steppes and grasses; Dh4: arid plateau with Euphorbia balsamifera.; Dh5: scree and perarid reg desert with Boswellia sacra; Dh6: wadis and perarid cliffs with Acacia ethbaica and Dracaena serrulata. The sampled bioclimatic levels are indicated in grey.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Map showing the sampling of phlebotomine sandflies, dogs, foxes and patients. Locations in the Sharqiyah are labelled Sh and those from the Dhofar are labelled Dh, in accordance with Figure 1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Professor Rioux and the field team in the Dhofar; (B) Ouadi Herwouib in the Dhofar labelled Dh6 in accordance with Figure 1 where Ph. bergeroti, Ph. alexandri, Se. tiberiadis and Se. fallax are the most abundant species. (C) the Sharqiyah around the Ouadi.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pharynx of Ph. saevus (A), Ph. sergenti (B) and cibarium of Se. baghdadis (C).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Ulcero-scabby lesion of case LCO 2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Abonnenc E. 1972. Les phlébotomes de la région éthiopienne (Diptera, Psychodidae). Mémoires de l’ORSTOM, 55, 239 p.
    1. Abonnenc E, Rioux JA. 1961. Contribution à l’étude des phlébotomes (Diptera, Psychodidae) du Nord-Tchad, in Mission épidémiologique au Nord-Tchad, Rioux JA, Editor Arts et Métiers Graphiques: Paris: p. 30–53.
    1. Al-Salem W, Herricks JR, Hotez PJ. 2016. A review of visceral leishmaniasis during the conflict in South Sudan and the consequences for East African countries. Parasites and Vectors, 9(1), 460. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Al-Zahrani MA, Peters W, Evans PA, Ching-Chin I, Smith V, Lane RP. 1988. Phlebotomus sergenti, a vector of Leishmania tropica in Saudi Arabia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 82, 416. - PubMed
    1. Al Awaidy S, Al Hashami H. 2020. Zoonotic diseases in Oman: successes, challenges, and future directions. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 20(1), 1–9. - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources