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. 2020 Nov 30;13(23):5459.
doi: 10.3390/ma13235459.

Development and Characterization of "Green Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams" with Reduced Flammability

Maria Kurańska  1 , Hynek Beneš  2 , Kamila Sałasińska  3 , Aleksander Prociak  1 , Elżbieta Malewska  1 , Krzysztof Polaczek  1
Affiliations

Development and Characterization of "Green Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams" with Reduced Flammability

Maria Kurańska et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This work presents the cell structure and selected properties of polyurethane (PUR) foams, based on two types of hydroxylated used cooking oil and additionally modified with three different flame retardants. Bio-polyols from municipal waste oil with different chemical structures were obtained by transesterification with triethanolamine (UCO_TEA) and diethylene glycol (UCO_DEG). Next, these bio-polyols were used to prepare open-cell polyurethane foams of very low apparent densities for thermal insulation applications. In order to obtain foams with reduced flammability, the PUR systems were modified with different amounts (10-30 parts per hundred polyol by weight-php) of flame retardants: TCPP (tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate), TEP (triethyl phosphate), and DMPP (dimethyl propylphosphonate). The flame retardants caused a decrease of the PUR formulations reactivity. The apparent densities of all the foams were comparable in the range 12-15 kg/m3. The lowest coefficients of thermal conductivity were measured for the open-cell PUR foams modified with DMPP. The lowest values of heat release rate were found for the foams based on the UCO_TEA and UCO_DEG bio-polyols that were modified with 30 php of DMPP.

Keywords: bio-foams; bio-polyol; flammability; open-cell polyurethane foams; spray foams.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Influence of flame retardant type and content on equivalent diameter (a,b), anisotropy index (c,d) of bio-foams based on bio-polyol UCO_TEA and UCO_DEG, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scanning electron microscopy images of cellular structure of bio-foams based on UCO_TEA (a) and UCO_DEG (b).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dielectric polarization of the PUR system modified with a flame retardant (30 php).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Apparent density (a), closed cells content (b), and compressive strength (c,d) of foams based on bio-polyols UCO_TEA and UCO_DEG.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Representative curves of heat release rate curves of TEA (a) and DEG (b) series.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Photographs of samples after cone calorimetry tests.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images of char residues.
Figure 8
Figure 8
TG and DTG curves (in nitrogen atmosphere) of TEA and DEG series modified with fire retardants.
Figure 9
Figure 9
FTIR spectra of volatile products during the non-oxidative thermal degradation of TEA and DEG series modified with fire retardants.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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