Class Switch Recombination Defects: impact on B cell maturation and antibody responses

Abstract

To assess how B cell phenotype analysis correlates with antigen responses in patients with class switch recombination defects (CSRD) we quantified memory B cells by flow-cytometry and immunized CSRD patients with the neoantigen bacteriophage phiX174 (phage). CSRD patients showed uniformly absent or markedly reduced switched memory B cells (IgM^-IgD^-CD27⁺). CD40L patients had reduced CD27⁺ memory B cells (both non-switched and switched). In NEMO patients, results varied depending on the IKKγ gene variant. Three of four AID patients had normal percentages of CD27⁺ memory B cells while CD27⁺IgM^-IgD^- switched memory B cells were markedly reduced in all AID patients. Antibody response to phage was remarkably decreased with lack of memory amplification and class-switching in immunized CD40L, UNG deficient, and NEMO patients. Distinct B-cell phenotype pattern correlated with abnormal antibody responses to a T-cell dependent neoantigen, representing a powerful tool to identify CSRD patients.

Keywords: B cell development; Class switch recombination defect (CSRD); Clinical immunology; Hyper-IgM syndromes (HIGM); Immunodeficiencies.