Corrections: Xu, L.; Mondal, D.; Polya, D.A. Positive Association of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) with Chronic Exposure to Drinking Water Arsenic (As) at Concentrations below the WHO Provisional Guideline Value: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2536

Abstract

In our recently published meta-analysis, due to an oversight, we treated urinary As concentration data reported by Tsinovoi et al [...].

Figure 1

Individual study dose-response characteristics for various CVD subtypes or biomarkers. Arsenic concentrations refer to the observed or estimated median arsenic concentrations for the given concentration category. Lines connect the dose-response data for each study and are for illustrative purposes only (CVD: cardiovascular disease; CHD: coronary heart disease).

Figure 2

Pooled log-linear and non-linear relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different CVD endpoints in relation to the estimated drinking water arsenic concentration. Pooled log-linear and non-linear relative risks of CVD endpoints were estimated for drinking water arsenic concentrations with reference to an arsenic concentration of 1 µg/L. Solid lines (red) correspond to pooled relative risks of linear models with their 95% CIs represented as shaded regions (red). Pooled relative risks of non-linear models were represented by long-dash lines (blue) and their 95% CIs were plotted as shaded areas (blue). Log-linear models were estimated with log-transformed estimated drinking water arsenic concentration and non-linear associations were estimated from models with restricted cubic splines of log-transformed water arsenic concentration with knots at the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of log-transformed water arsenic (CVD: cardiovascular disease; CHD: coronary heart disease).