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. 2020 Sep 30;8(11):6174-6181.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1910. eCollection 2020 Nov.

Development of antiviral and bacteriostatic chitosan-based food packaging material with grape seed extract for murine norovirus, Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua control

Collins Amankwaah  1 , Jianrong Li  2 , Jaesung Lee  1 , Melvin A Pascall  1
Affiliations

Development of antiviral and bacteriostatic chitosan-based food packaging material with grape seed extract for murine norovirus, Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua control

Collins Amankwaah et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Edible coatings and films based on chitosan, and containing grape seed extract (GSE), were developed and their activities tested against murine norovirus (MNV-1), Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli K12. Grape seed extract concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2.5% dissolved in deionized water resulted in MNV-1 plaque reductions (p < .05) of 1.75, 2.60, and 3.58 log PFU/ml, respectively after 3 hr. Two percent (w/w) chitosan solutions incorporated with 2.5% and 5% GSE also significantly (p < .05) reduced MNV-1 titers by 2.68 and 4.00 log PFU/ml, respectively after 3 hr. Additionally, incorporation of the GSE into the chitosan films also showed antimicrobial efficacy against MNV-1, L. innocua, and E. coli K12. Chitosan films containing 5%, 10%, and 15% GSE caused MNV-1 reductions of 0.92, 1.89, and 2.27 log PFU/ml, respectively, after 4 hr of incubation. Also, after 24 hr, the 5% and 10% GSE films reduced MNV-1 titers by 1.90 and 3.26 log PFU/ml, respectively, while the 15% GSE film reduced MNV-1 to undetectable levels. For E. coli K12, there were reductions of 2.28, 5.18, and 7.14 log CFU/ml after 24 hr exposure by the 5%, 10%, and 15% GSE films, respectively. Also, L. innocua counts were reduced by 3.06, 6.15, and 6.91 log CFU/ml by the 5%, 10%, and 15% GSE films, respectively. This study demonstrated that GSE in edible films and coatings is effective against the organisms tested, and this shows that they are effective against foodborne microbes of public health concerns.

Keywords: Chitosan; antimicrobials; bacteria; grape seed extract; viruses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of chitosan/GSE blend and film formation
Figure 2
Figure 2
Infectivity of MNV‐1 after treatment with different levels of aqueous solution of grape seed extracts (GSE) and the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Reduction in MNV‐1 infectivity was detected by plaque assay after 3 hr of incubation at 23 ± 1°C. Error bars indicate standard deviation
Figure 3
Figure 3
Infectivity of MNV‐1 after treatment with chitosan (CHI) film forming solutions containing grape seed extracts and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Reduction in MNV‐1 infectivity was detected by plaque assay after 3 hr of incubation at 23 ± 1°C. Error bars indicate standard deviation
Figure 4
Figure 4
Infectivity of MNV‐1 after treatment with chitosan (CHI) films with different levels of grape seed extracts. Reduction in MNV‐1 infectivity was detected by plaque assay after 4 and 24 hr of incubation at 23 ± 1°C. Error bars indicate standard deviation
Figure 5
Figure 5
The antibacterial activity of chitosan films incorporated with grape seed extract. The effect of grape seed extracts incorporated into chitosan films on the survival of Listeria innocua was determined in tryptic soy broth at 37°C. Error bars indicate standard deviation
Figure 6
Figure 6
The antibacterial activity of chitosan films incorporated with grape seed extract. The effect of grape seed extracts (GSE) incorporated into chitosan (CHI) films on the survival of Escherichia coli K12 was determined in tryptic soy broth at 37°C. Error bars indicate standard deviation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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