Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Oct;10(3):239-251.
doi: 10.4314/ovj.v10i3.1. Epub 2020 Jul 25.

Animal coronaviruses and coronavirus disease 2019: Lesson for One Health approach

Uddab Poudel  1 , Deepak Subedi  1 , Saurav Pantha  1 , Santosh Dhakal  2
Affiliations
Review

Animal coronaviruses and coronavirus disease 2019: Lesson for One Health approach

Uddab Poudel et al. Open Vet J. 2020 Oct.

Abstract

Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that are broadly classified into alpha, beta, gamma, and delta coronavirus genera based on the viral genome. Coronavirus was not thought to be a significant problem in humans until the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002, but infections in animals, including pigs, cats, dogs, and poultry, have been problematic for a long time. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, drew special attention towards this virus once again. The intermediate host of this novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is yet to be determined, but it has a very close genomic relationship with the bat coronavirus (Bat-CoV), RaTG13 strain, and the pangolin coronaviruses. As veterinary medicine has a long-term experience dealing with coronaviruses, this could be helpful in better understanding and detecting the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and drive human medicine towards the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs through the collaborative and transdisciplinary approaches of One Health.

Keywords: Animal Coronaviruses; COVID-19; One Health; SARS-CoV-2.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. Possible origin of SARS-CoV-2, and zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission possibility. SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; Bat-CoV = bat coronavirus; Pangolin-CoV = pangolin coronavirus.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. One Health triad between animals, humans, and environment in the context of COVID-19.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Arbour N., Day R., Newcombe J., Talbot P.J. Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. J. Virol. 2000;74:8913–8921. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.19.8913-8921.2000. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arbour N., Ekandé S., Côté G., Lachance C., Chagnon F., Tardieu M., Cashman N.R., Talbot P.J. Persistent infection of human oligodendrocytic and neuroglial cell lines by human coronavirus 229E. J. Virol. 1999;73:3326–3337. doi: 10.1128/jvi.73.4.3326-3337.1999. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Banerjee A., Kulcsar K., Misra V., Frieman M., Mossman K. Bats and coronaviruses. Viruses. 2019;11(1):41. doi: 10.3390/v11010041. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bao L., Deng W., Gao H., Xiao C., Liu J., Xue J., Lv Q., Liu J., Yu P., Xu Y., Qi F., Qu Y., Li F., Xiang Z., Yu H., Gong S., Liu M., Wang G., Wang S., Song Z., Zhao W., Han Y., Zhao L., Liu X., Wei Q., Qin C. Reinfection could not occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques. bioRxiv. 2020 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.13.990226. - DOI
    1. Boeuf P., Drummer H.E., Richards J.S., Scoullar M.J.L., Beeson J.G. The global threat of Zika virus to pregnancy: epidemiology, clinical perspectives, mechanisms, and impact. BMC Med. 2016;14:112. doi: 10.1186/s12916-016-0660-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources