Changes in global Orchidaceae disease geographical research trends: recent incidences, distributions, treatment, and challenges

Abstract

Many of the Orchidaceae species are threatened due to environmental changes and over exploitation for full fill global demands. The main objective of this article was critically analyzed the recent global distribution of Orchidaceae diversity, its disease patterns, microbial disease identification, detection, along with prevention and challenges. Critical analysis findings revealed that Orchidaceae growth and developments were affected indirectly or directly as a result of complex microbial ecological interactions. Studies have identified many species associated with orchids, some are pathogenic and cause symptoms such as soft rot, brown rot, brown spot, black rot, wilt, foliar, root rot, anthracnose, leaf spot. The review was provided the comprehensive data to evaluate the identification and detection of microbial disease, which is the most important challenge for sustainable cultivation of Orchidaceae diversity. Furthermore, this article is the foremost of disease triggering microbes, orchid relations, and assimilates various consequences that both promoted the considerate and facts of such disease multipart, and will permit the development of best operative disease management practices.

Keywords: Orchidaceae; detection; diseases; environmental conditions; geographical distribution; pathogens.

Graphical abstract

Figure 1.

Systematic overview of environmental conditions responsible for orchids plant health’s

Figure 2.

Different type of disease pattern in the Orchids plants

Figure 3.

Yearly systematic evaluation of orchids disease with their host and disease name

Figure 4.

Modern identification approaches for the detection of pathogens