Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Feb;44(2):360-372.
doi: 10.1111/pace.14141. Epub 2021 Jan 9.

MRI in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: A comprehensive review

Saurabh Deshpande  1 , Danesh Kella  2 , Deepak Padmanabhan  1
Affiliations
Review

MRI in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: A comprehensive review

Saurabh Deshpande et al. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2021 Feb.

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a commonly used non-ionizing radiation dependent imaging modality which has an excellent spatial resolution with the capability to provide physiological information. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are used in modern cardiology with a frequency of 1:50 over 75 years of age and nearly one in three people in this population required MRI during their lifetime. Changes in the CIED structure, electronics, and algorithms paired with changes in the protocol design of MRI have created a relatively safe environment for performing MRI in patients with CIED. Despite their documentation in literature and a guideline document from a professional society, significant skepticism exists in doing MRI in patients with CIEDs. We intend to give an overview of interactions between MRI and CIEDs, including the evidence available in this regard and conclude with the suggestion of a protocol for safely carrying out an MRI in patients with CIEDs.

Keywords: cardiac implantable electronic devices; conditional CIEDs; legacy devices; magnetic resonance imaging; non-conditional CIEDs; protocol; safety.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. Jabehdar MP, Schieda N, Hecht EM, et al. MRI safety and devices: an update and expert consensus. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020;51(3):657-674.
    1. Detre JA. 73 - Magnetic resonance imaging. In: Gilman S, ed. Neurobiology of Disease. Burlington: Academic Press; 2007:793-800.
    1. Levine GN, Gomes AS, Arai AE, et al. Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Committee on Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Circulation. 2007;116(24):2878-2891.
    1. Bradshaw PJ, Stobie P, Knuiman MW, Briffa TG, Hobbs MS. Trends in the incidence and prevalence of cardiac pacemaker insertions in an ageing population. Open Heart. 2014;1(1):e000177.
    1. Bastian D, Ebrahim IO, Chen JY, et al. Real-world geographic variations in the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices-The PANORAMA 2 observational cohort study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;41(8):978-2889.

LinkOut - more resources