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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2020 Dec 4;17(23):9067.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17239067.

Learning a Motor Skill from Video and Static Pictures in Physical Education Students-Effects on Technical Performances, Motivation and Cognitive Load

Cyrine H'mida  1   2 , Olivier Degrenne  3 , Nafaa Souissi  1   4 , Ghazi Rekik  2 , Khaled Trabelsi  1   2 , Mohamed Jarraya  1   2 , Nicola Luigi Bragazzi  5   6 , Aïmen Khacharem  3   7
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Learning a Motor Skill from Video and Static Pictures in Physical Education Students-Effects on Technical Performances, Motivation and Cognitive Load

Cyrine H'mida et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of a video and three different formats of static pictures (simultaneous-permanent pictures, sequential-transient pictures and sequential-permanent pictures) on the acquisition and retention of a complex judo skill in novice young adults. One hundred and thirty-three first-year students in the certificate in Physical Education (PE) were randomly assigned to either: a static-simultaneous-permanent pictures condition (n = 30), a static-sequential-transient pictures condition (n = 29), a static-sequential permanent pictures condition (n = 36) or a video condition (n = 38). They were instructed to observe and reproduce a complex judo technique (Ippon-Seoi-Nage) immediately after the learning phase (including a sequence of three trials-the acquisition phase) and after one week without observation (the retention phase). The results showed that the continuous video generated better learning performances than all static pictures formats. Moreover, it has been shown that sequential-permanent pictures presentation was more effective than static simultaneous-permanent pictures and sequential-transient pictures. In addition to the human movement effect, complementary explanations in terms of cognitive load theory, perceptual continuity, mental animation and intrinsic motivation are suggested. Implications of the results for the effective design of instructional materials within PE context are discussed.

Keywords: human movement; learning.; sequentiality; static pictures; video.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The static-simultaneous-permanent pictures presentation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The sequential-static-transient pictures presentation (a screenshot from the Step 3 the judo movement).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The sequential-static-permanent pictures presentation (a screenshot from the Step 3 of the judo movement).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The experimental design of the study.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Technical scores (mean ± SE) recorded for the static simultaneous permanent pictures, the sequential transient pictures, the sequential permanent pictures and the continuous-video groups during the three blocks and the retention phase. +: Significant difference compared to the 1st block; ‡: Significant difference compared to 2nd block; £: Significant difference compared to 3rd block; ɞ: Significant difference compared to the sequential permanent pictures group; *: Significant difference compared to the continuous video.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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