Stem cells: a new way of therapy for cardiovascular disorders

Abstract

Cardiovascular disorder affects the overall health of an individual and hence the quality of life. Stem cell therapy involves the use of stem cells widely used to treat different conditions. People having severe cardiovascular disorder can be treated with stem cells by generating heart muscles, stimulating the growth of blood vessels and by the secretion of different growth factors. Different types of stem cells are used for cardiac repair. Adipose stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are better options for increasing the survival rate. In this review we will discuss different types of stem cells, their activation pathway, generation, hurdles in transplantation and how to overcome them and their applications.

Keywords: ASC’s; Cardiovascular disorders; cardiac dysfunction; induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC’s); viability.

Figure 1

Types of stem cells for cardiac regeneration. Embryonic and adult stem cells are the two alternatives for a failing heart survival. Adult stem cell is further classified into cardiac stem cells, skeletal muscle stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, adipose tissues and iPSC’s. The CM derived stem cells are further divided into MSc, HSC and EPC’s. iPSC’s, induced pluripotent stem cells; CM, cardio myocytes; EPC’s, endothelial progenitor cells.

Figure 2

CM Derived PSC’s an alternative approach for cardiac regeneration therapy. It demonstrated hMSC loaded patch implantation cause the maturation of hPSC-CMs. The cells become elongated, rectangular and organized developed into mature adult CM’s. Functional maturation of intramyocardially injected hiPSC-CMs is particularly important. This reduces the potential risk of arrhythmias, which is a major cause of sudden cardiac death. CM, cardio myocytes.