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. 2020 Dec 4:54:126.
doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002255. eCollection 2020.

Cancer mortality in the Capitals and in the interior of Brazil: a four-decade analysis

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Gulnar Azevedo E Silva  1 , Beatriz Cordeiro Jardim  1   2 , Vanessa de Melo Ferreira  1 , Washington Leite Junger  1 , Vania Reis Girianelli  3
Affiliations

Cancer mortality in the Capitals and in the interior of Brazil: a four-decade analysis

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Gulnar Azevedo E Silva et al. Rev Saude Publica. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: to describe the trend of mortality from general cancer and more frequent types among men and women living in the Capitals and other municipalities of the five macro-regions of Brazil between 1978 and 2017.

Methods: Time series study with mortality data corrected by redistribution of ill-defined causes. Proportional cancer mortality was calculated for Brazil and regions. The annual percentage change in rates for total cancer and specific types in each segment and in the selected unit of analysis was calculated by generalized linear regression with Gaussian binding.

Results: the proportion of cancer increased progressively for both sexes from 1978 to 2017. Important differences between the Capitals and the interior of the macro-regions were seen with disaggregated data. The greatest declines occurred for stomach cancer, except in the northern and interior regions of the Northeast, and for the cervix cancer, with a generalized fall, with the exception of the interior of the northern region. Lung cancer decreased among men in the Southeast and South regions and had a generalized increase among women. Breast and prostate cancers tended to decrease in the Southeast and South regions and among residents of the Capitals but showing an increase in the interior of the North and Northeast regions. Colorectal cancer had a general tendency to increase; with stability among men in the Capitals of the South region and among women of the Southeast and Midwest regions and, since 2007, a decrease among women in the South region.

Conclusions: Cancer mortality showed great variation among residents of capitals and the interior of the country's major regions. Clear decrease in mortality was seen for the main types in the Southeast and South regions. The North and Northeast regions have patterns compatible with cancers associated with poverty, while the large increase of the cancers related to sedentary lifestyle stand out.

OBJETIVO:: Descrever a tendência da mortalidade por câncer geral e tipos mais frequentes entre homens e mulheres residentes nas capitais e demais municípios das cinco macrorregiões do Brasil entre 1978 e 2017.

MÉTODOS:: Estudo de séries temporais com dados de mortalidade corrigidos por redistribuição das causas maldefinidas. Foi calculada a mortalidade proporcional de câncer para Brasil e regiões. A variação percentual anual das taxas para o total de câncer e tipos específicos em cada segmento e na desagregação selecionada foi calculada por regressão linear generalizada com ligação gaussiana.

RESULTADOS:: A proporção de câncer aumentou progressivamente para ambos os sexos de 1978 a 2017. Diferenças importantes entre as capitais e o interior das macrorregiões foram vistas com dados desagregados. Os maiores declínios ocorreram para o câncer de estômago, exceto nas regiões Norte e interior da Nordeste, e de colo do útero, com queda generalizada, com exceção do interior da região Norte. O câncer de pulmão teve queda entre homens nas regiões Sudeste e Sul e aumento generalizado entre mulheres. Os cânceres de mama e de próstata tenderam a diminuir nas regiões Sudeste e Sul e entre residentes das capitais, mostrando, porém, aumento no interior das regiões Norte e Nordeste. O câncer colorretal teve tendência geral de aumento; nas capitais houve estabilidade entre homens da região Sul e entre mulheres das regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste e queda entre mulheres da região Sul a partir de 2007.

CONCLUSÕES:: A mortalidade por câncer apresentou grande variação entre os residentes de capitais e do interior das grandes regiões do país. Diminuição clara da mortalidade foi vista para os principais tipos nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. As regiões Norte e Nordeste apresentam padrões compatíveis com cânceres associados à pobreza ao mesmo tempo que se destacam pelo grande aumento daqueles relacionados ao estilo de vida sedentário.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Proportional mortality from cancer, all types, in men and women in Brazil and macro-regions, 1978 to 2017.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Temporal trend of mortality due to the set of cancers among men and women residing in the Capitals and in the interior* of Brazil and macro-regions, 1980 to 2017.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Temporal trend of mortality by specific types of cancer among men and women residing in the Capitals and in the interior* of Brazil and macro-regions, 1980 to 2017.
Figura 1
Figura 1. Mortalidade proporcional por câncer, todos os tipos, em homens e mulheres no Brasil e macrorregiões, 1978 a 2017.
Figura 2
Figura 2. Tendência temporal da mortalidade pelo conjunto de cânceres entre homens e mulheres residentes nas capitais e no interior* do Brasil e macrorregiões, 1980 a 2017.
Figura 3
Figura 3. Tendência temporal da mortalidade por tipos específicos de câncer entre homens e mulheres residentes nas capitais e no interior* do Brasil e macrorregiões, 1980 a 2017.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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