Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Dec 9;10(1):21508.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78697-1.

Identifying side effects of commonly used drugs in the treatment of Covid 19

İrfan Aygün  1 , Mehmet Kaya  2 , Reda Alhajj  3   4   5
Affiliations
Review

Identifying side effects of commonly used drugs in the treatment of Covid 19

İrfan Aygün et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

To increase the success in Covid 19 treatment, many drug suggestions are presented, and some clinical studies are shared in the literature. There have been some attempts to use some of these drugs in combination. However, using more than one drug together may cause serious side effects on patients. Therefore, detecting drug-drug interactions of the drugs used will be of great importance in the treatment of Covid 19. In this study, the interactions of 8 drugs used for Covid 19 treatment with 645 different drugs and possible side effects estimates have been produced using Graph Convolutional Networks. As a result of the experiments, it has been found that the hematopoietic system and the cardiovascular system are exposed to more side effects than other organs. Among the focused drugs, Heparin and Atazanavir appear to cause more adverse reactions than other drugs. In addition, as it is known that some of these 8 drugs are used together in Covid-19 treatment, the side effects caused by using these drugs together are shared. With the experimental results obtained, it is aimed to facilitate the selection of the drugs and increase the success of Covid 19 treatment according to the targeted patient.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
GCN work architecture.
Figure 2
Figure 2
General view of the graph from the Decagon Study, where the nodes and their relationships are defined.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representation of the GCN architecture and the drug network used in experiments.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Updates on past studies and showing the logic of the current study with the example of Chloroquine. For Part I.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The most common side effects of drugs according to the results of the experiment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Wu F, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020;579:265–269. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. WHO Timeline. COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19.
    1. Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020;323:1. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.20153. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhou D, Dai SM, Tong Q. COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2020;1:4–7. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa114. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stebbing J, et al. COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2020;20:400–402. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30132-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed