Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Feb 1;16(2):1849490.
doi: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1849490. Epub 2020 Dec 10.

Characterization of dwarf and narrow leaf (dnl-4) mutant in rice

Ki-Deuk Bae  1 , Tae-Young Um  2 , Won-Tae Yang  1 , Tae-Hyeon Park  3 , So-Yeon Hong  1 , Kyung-Min Kim  4 , Young-Soo Chung  1 , Dae-Jin Yun  5 , Doh-Hoon Kim  1
Affiliations

Characterization of dwarf and narrow leaf (dnl-4) mutant in rice

Ki-Deuk Bae et al. Plant Signal Behav. .

Abstract

Height and leaf morphology are important agronomic traits of the major crop plant rice (Oryza sativa). In previous studies, the dwarf and narrow leaf genes (dnl1, dnl2 and dnl3) have identified in rice. Using the Ac/Ds knockout system, we found a new dwarf and narrow leaf (dnl) mutant and identified mutated gene. The dnl-4 mutant showed reduced plant height and leaf blade width compared to the wild type, and increased leaf inclination. The morphological defects of the mutant were caused by the suppressed expression of the DNL-4 gene, which encodes a pfkB carbohydrate kinase protein. These results suggest that DNL-4 expression is involved in modulating plant height and leaf growth. Furthermore, DNL-4 expression also affects productivity in rice: the dnl-4 mutant exhibited reduced panicle length and grain width compared with the wild type. To understand DNL-4 function in rice, we analyzed the expression levels of leaf growth-related genes, such as NAL1, NAL7, and CSLD4, in the dnl-4 mutant. Expression of NAL1 and NAL7 was downregulated in the dnl-4 mutant compared to the wild type. The observation that DNL-4 expression corresponded with that of NAL1 and NAL7 is consistent with the narrow leaf phenotype of the dnl-4 mutant. These results suggest that DNL-4 regulates plant height and leaf structure in rice.

Keywords: Oryza sativa; Dwarf and narrow leaf mutant; pfkB carbohydrate kinase protein.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Analysis of dnl-4 mutant phenotypes
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Analysis of dnl-4 mutant genotype and Os01g0105900 gene expression level
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Functional characterization of DNL-4. (a) Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between DNL-4 homologs in rice, arabidopsis, wheat, ricinus, populous, and cacao. The red box corresponds to DNL-4. Full-length of amino acid sequences were used for these analyses. Protein number from NCBI. Red box indicates DNA-4. (b) Expression of DNL-4 in 14-week-old rice. Tissues: panicle (P), leaf blade (LB), leaf sheath (LS), internode (IN), and root (R). Total RNAs were extracted from the indicated samples, and the expression level was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Data represent mean value of three biological replicates, and error bars indicate SD. OsActin1 (Os03g0718100) was used as an internal control and relative expression levels are shown in fold values. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between the corresponding samples and their control (p value < .01, t-test). (c) Subcellular localization of DNL-4. Transient expression of DNL-4-GFP fusion constructs in protoplast were carried out to determine the subcellular localization. Scale bars indicate 10 µm
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The dnl-4 mutant has defects in the vascular system of the leaf blade
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Analysis of leaf inclination and cellular composition of dnl-4 mutants at the ripening stage
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Analysis of heading date in wild-type and dnl-4 mutant
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Walter A, Silk WK, Schurr U.. Environmental effects on spatial and temporal patterns of leaf and root growth. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2009;60(1):1–9. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092819. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Govaerts YM, Jacquemoud S, Verstraete MM, Ustin SL. Three-dimensional radiation transfer modeling in a dicotyledon leaf. Appl Opt. 1996;35(33):6585–6598. doi:10.1364/AO.35.006585. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Denning, G.L. & Mew, T.W., 1997. China and IRRI” Improving China's rice productivity in the 21st century. IRRI Discussion Papers 287591, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).
    1. Tsukaya H. Mechanism of leaf-shape determination. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2006;57(1):477–496. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105320. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lang YZ, Zhang ZJ, Gu XY, Yang JC, Zhu QS. Physiological and ecological effects of crimpy leaf character in rice (Oryza sativa L.) II. Photosynthetic character, dry mass production and yield forming. Acta Agron Sin. 2004;30:883–887.

Publication types

MeSH terms