Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Persons Who Inject Drugs

Abstract

Persons who inject drugs are at high risk for skin and soft tissue infections. Infections range from simple abscesses and uncomplicated cellulitis to life-threatening and limb-threatening infections. These infections are predominantly caused by gram-positive organisms with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and other streptococcal species being most common. Although antimicrobial therapy has an important role in treatment of these infections, surgical incision, drainage, and debridement of devitalized tissue are primary. Strategies that decrease the frequency of injection drug use, needle sharing, use of contaminated equipment, and other risk behaviors may be effective in preventing these infections in persons who inject drugs.

Keywords: Cellulitis; Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium sordellii; Cutaneous abscess; Injection drug use; Necrotizing fasciitis; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes.