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. 2020 Dec 1;6(12):e05461.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05461. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Inclusion of vitexin in β-cyclodextrin: preparation, characterization and expectorant/antitussive activities

Eliatania Clementino Costa  1 , Pedro Modesto Nascimento Menezes  1 , Ricardo Lúcio de Almeida  2 , Fabrício Souza Silva  2 , Luciano Augusto de Araújo Ribeiro  2 , James Amalda da Silva  3 , Ana Paula de Oliveira  1   2 , Edigênia Cavalcante da Cruz Araújo  2 , Larissa Araújo Rolim  1   2 , Xirley Pereira Nunes  1   2
Affiliations

Inclusion of vitexin in β-cyclodextrin: preparation, characterization and expectorant/antitussive activities

Eliatania Clementino Costa et al. Heliyon. .

Erratum in

Abstract

The study aimed to include the isolated vitexin of Jatropha mutabilis in the β-cyclodextrin cavity to improve the solubility of this flavone. Its characterization was performed by techniques such as 1H NMR/ROESY (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), FT-IR (Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Transform), SEM (Morphological analysis of IC by Scanning Electron Microscopy) and dissolution study in vitro. In addition, the following activities were evaluated in the animal models: expectorant, phenol red dosage in bronchoalveolar lavage and antitussive, cough induced by citric acid. In the characterization of the complex, interaction between hydrogens of ring B of vitexin and (H3) of β-CD was observed, in addition to changes in morphology. In the dissolution test, an increase in the rate of dissolution of vitexin was observed in the first 30 min for the CI vitexin/β-CD when compared with vitexin. Regarding the pharmacological activity, it was observed that the inclusion complex (IC) vitexin/β-CD in the equivalent doses of 0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg of flavone presented higher expectorant activity when compared to vitexin (p < 0.05), suggesting increased bioavailability. As for the antitussive activity, both vitexin and the complex had similar effects and were dose independent. In the toxicity test using Artemia salina, vitexin and IC vitexin/β-CD were considered non-toxic. At last, the study efficacy of vitexin/β-CD IC as an expectorant and of vitexin as antitussive. All of these data are being described for the first time.

Keywords: Chemistry; Citric acid; Flavonoids; Health sciences; Natural product chemistry; Organic chemistry; Pharmacology; Phenol red; Solubility.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
1H-NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) spectrum of vitexin with expansion to the aromatic hydrogens region.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Expansion of the 1H-NMR spectra of β-CD (peaks in red) and vitexin/β-CD complex (peaks in blue) (D2O, 400 MHz).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Expansion of the two-dimensional ROESY spectrum of vitexin/β-CD complex (D2O, 400 MHz).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Photomicrographs (1000 x zoom) of β-CD (a), vitexin (b), PM (c) and the complex of vitexin/β-CD (d).
Figure 5
Figure 5
FT-IR spectrum for (a) β-CD, (b) vitexin, (c) physical mixture and (d) vitexin/β-CD inclusion complex.
Figure 6
Figure 6
In vitro dissolution study of vitexin and vitexin/β-CD inclusion complex in acidified salt solution (pH 1.5), 37 °C.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Expectorant effect of vitexin on phenol red bronchoalveolar secretion in mice. β-CD IC, β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex; GUA, guaifenesin 100 mg/kg. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M, n = 6. ∗p < 0.05, when compared to β-CD barr (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test); #p < 0.05, when compared to H2O barr (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test); ap < 0.05, when compared to vitexin 5 mg/kg barr (unpaired t test).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Antitussive effect of vitexin on citric acid exposure (0.4 M) in mice. β-CD IC, β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex . Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M, n = 6. ∗p < 0.05, when compared to before treatment (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test).
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