Effectiveness of Yoga on Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Controlled Study

Abstract

Background: Cancer of breast is most common cancer among women in India and vast majority of countries worldwide. While undergoing chemotherapy for carcinoma management, women encounter side effects, which affects their quality of life (QOL). A randomized controlled study with quantitative research approach and time series design was conducted, to study the effectiveness of yoga on QOL of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methodology: One hundred breast cancer patients scheduled for 3-weekly, day-care adjuvant chemotherapy (CEF regimen) were enrolled with consecutive sampling technique, into control (n = 52) and experiment (n = 48) groups, by concealed randomization following written informed consent. Baseline data on QOL were collected before first-cycle chemotherapy using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ C30. Patients in the experimental group were taught diaphragmatic breathing techniques, systematic relaxation, and alternate nostril breathing, and Joints and Glands neck and shoulder exercises were instructed to practice twice daily at home. They were supervised in practicing these techniques while they received second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cycles of chemotherapy in the day-care facility. Participants in the control group received only routine care. All participants received standard post chemotherapy prescription. Data on QOL were collected from all patients during the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cycles of chemotherapy.

Results: The analysis revealed that at the baseline (first chemotherapy cycle), breast cancer patients in control and experimental groups were homogeneous in terms of their sociodemographic and clinical variables and QOL score. Yoga practices were effective in improving the QOL of breast cancer patients in the experimental group in the areas of global health status, physical function, role function, and emotional function and decreasing the symptoms of fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, and constipation, during the period of chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Yoga practices comprising of relaxation techniques reduce many side effects and improve the QOL of women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Keywords: Breast cancer; chemotherapy; quality of life; yoga.

Figure 1

Global health status

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Physical function

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Role function

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Emotional function

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Cognitive function

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Social function

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Fatigue

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Nausea and vomiting

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Pain

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Dyspnea

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Insomnia

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Loss of appetite

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Constipation

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Diarrhea